不同咬合方式下人体下颌骨膜下种植体的生物力学特性  

Biomechanical properties of the complete mandibular subperiosteal implant under different bite loads

作　　者：董泽文[1] 张小军[1] 李彦生[1] 高承志[2] 高轩[2] 李晓阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学机械工程与应用电子技术学院,北京100124 [2]北京大学人民医院,北京100044

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2012年第6期655-660,共6页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：首都特色临床医学应用发展基金(Z101107050210026)

摘　　要：目的研究骨膜下种植体在4种咬合力作用下的生物力学特征,为临床病例骨膜下种植体个性化设计提供基础。方法在下颌骨三维实体模型的基础上,分别建立网状基底骨膜下种植体(种植体1)和带状基底骨膜下种植体(种植体2)。研究在4种荷载作用下两种种植体的应力分布。结果种植体1在荷载Ⅳ作用下最大应力可达230.42 MPa,种植体2在荷载Ⅰ作用下最大应力可达311.11 MPa。网状基底种植体具有较好的抗垂直荷载能力,而带状基底种植体具有较好的抗斜向荷载能力。结论在种植体设计时可以通过合理布置基台个数和间距来有效控制种植体上的应力,同时应使基台与下颌牙槽嵴垂直,以保证斜向荷载水平分力不被放大。此外,还应保证基底对基台有足够的约束,避免因约束不足导致基台底部应力过大。在义齿制作过程中,应保证全口义齿做正中、前伸、侧方咬合时必须多点接触,使咬合处于平衡状态,达到减小接触面拉应力的目的。Objective To investigate biomechanical properties of the complete mandibular subperiosteal implant under four different bite loads, and provide some references for the personalized implant design in clinical cases. Methods Based on the three-dimensional model of human mandible, two kinds of matching complete mandibu- lar subperiosteal implants, meshy base （implant l ） and zonary base （implant 2,）, were established, respective- ly. Stress distributions of both the two implants under four different bite loads were calculated and compared. Re- sults The maximum stress of implant 1 was 230.42 MPa under the load IV and that of implant 2 was 311.11 MPa under the load I. The stress distributions and maximum stress showed that the implant with meshy base had better resistance to the vertical loads, while the implant with zonary base had better resistance to the horizontal loads. Conclusions Rational arrangement for the number of posts and the distance between posts can effective- ly control the stress of implants. Posts should be placed in a vertical direction with the alveolar bone to avoid am- plifying the horizontal component. In addition, posts should be well bounded to the bases, so that the stress on the bottom of posts won＇ t be at a high level. The complete denture should be guaranteed to contact at several spots during centric, protrusive and lateral bites to keep occlusion balance and decrease the maximum tensile stress on the contact surface.

关 键 词：骨膜下种植体 生物力学特性 有限元分析 应力分布 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]