利用微卫星DNA分子标记分析中华绒螯蟹养殖群体遗传分化  

Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Cultured Populations of the Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) by Microsatellite Markers

作　　者：熊良伟[1,2] 李真[1] 马克异[1] 邱高峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业部水产种质资源与利用重点开放实验室,上海201306 [2]江苏畜牧兽医职业技术学院,泰州225300

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2012年第12期1441-1448,共8页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2012BAD26B04);上海市河蟹产业技术体系建设项目(No.D8003100208);上海市高校知识服务平台建设项目(No.ZF1206)

摘　　要：养殖河蟹苗种来自各繁育场,经过繁育场多年封闭或半封闭繁育后河蟹多样性是否降低?本研究以长江水系天然群体为对照,利用微卫星分子标记分析中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)江苏兴化、安徽宣城、辽宁盘锦养殖群体遗传分化。结果表明,4个群体平均有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为9.03、8.77和6.94、8.71;平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.70～0.75;平均期望杂合度(He)为0.87～0.90;微卫星位点平均多态信息含量(PIC)介于0.84～0.87之间,呈现高度多态性;长江水系天然群体遗传多样性水平高于养殖群体。遗传分化系数F-统计量(FST)介于0.0123～0.0207(FST<0.05);分子方差分析(AMOVA)显示,大部分遗传变异(为98.64%)存在于个体间,少部分变异(为1.36%)存在于群体间。群体间FST和AMOVA分析说明,4个群体处于低等遗传分化水平,除安徽宣城群体与辽宁盘锦养殖群体间遗传分化不显著(P>0.05),其他群体间遗传分化极显著(P<0.01)。基于DA遗传距离构建NJ聚类发现安徽宣城养殖群体与辽宁盘锦养殖群体聚为一支,江苏兴化养殖群体与长江水系天然群体聚为另一支。结构分析107份参试中华绒螯蟹样本被分为二个种群,江苏兴化养殖群体与长江水系天然群体属同一种群,安徽宣城养殖群体与辽宁盘锦养殖群体为另一种群。研究显示,中华绒螯蟹养殖群体具有较高的遗传多样性水平,遗传分化水平低,具有新品种选育的利用价值。The Chinese mitten crab is an indigenous species in China, its hatchery production and larval farming have been performed almost exclusively in aquaculture farms for many years. It is worthy to know whether the genetic diversity of cultured crab has been changed in the closed off or half-closed off farm. The genetic diversity of Chinese mitten crab （Eriocheir sisensis） was investigated in three cultured populations （Jiangsu, Anhui and Liaoning Province, China） and wild population in Yangtze River by using 10 microsatellite markers. The results showed that the mean effective number of allele （Ne） of four populations were 8.77, 6.94,8.71 and 9.03 respectively, the mean observed heterozygosity （Ho） was from 0.70 to 0.75, the mean expected heterozygosity （He） was from 0.87 to 0.90, the mean polymorphism information content （PIC） was from 0.84 to 0.87, the level of genetic diversity of the wild population was higher than that of the cultured population. Coefficient of genetic ddifferentiation F-statistic （Fsr） among populations ranged from 0.0123 to 0.0207. Analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） revealed that a higher portion of variations existed within individuals, while lower portion existed among populations. Fsr and AMOVA analysis across all populations indicated the low level of divergence among the populations. The NJ clustering tree based on Da genetic distance demonstrated that there were two different groups： one being composed of cultured population in Jiangsu and wild population in Yangtze River, and the other of cultured populations in Anhui and Liaoning. A hundred and seven individuals obtained from different place could be grouped into two potential populations based on the genetic structure, the crabs cultured in Jiangsu and the wild crabs in Yangtze River were grouped into one population; the crabs cultured in Anhui and Liaoning were grouped into another population. These data demonstrated that the cultured mitten crab is in high levels genetic diversity and exhibite

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 微卫星 群体 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S791.243[农业科学—林木遗传育种]