古生物学研究中的采样问题及多样性估计方法——以华夏正形贝动物群为例  

SAMPLING IN PALAEONTOLOGY AND A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING UNDERLYING DIVERSITY——AN EXAMPLE OF THE CATHAYSIORTHIS BRACHIOPOD FAUNA

作　　者：黄冰[1] 

机构地区：[1]现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室,中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《古生物学报》2012年第4期436-444,共9页Acta Palaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委青年基金(41002001);创新研究群体项目(41221001)资助;中科院方向性项目KZCX2-EW-111;IGCP591"早;中古生代重大事件"项目

摘　　要：传统的古生物学采样方法通常很少对同一化石层面展开进行,由此得到的多样性信息往往难以反映化石组合的真实情况。通过观察稀疏化曲线平缓程度来判断化石采样是否充分的经验方法并不严谨。本文在介绍古生物化石采样方法的基础上,提出采样是否充分的本质是采样获得的多样性与所属化石群落潜在多样性之间的接近程度。借鉴现代生物学中的多样性估计方法,以华夏正形贝腕足动物群为例,本研究采用EstimateS软件,定量估计4个化石点的潜在多样性;探讨客观判断采样充分的方法,同时通过曲线拟合法预测达到特定多样性可能需要的样本数量,为二次研究提供重要信息。该多样性估计方法是古生物研究中一个较新的领域,在多样性对比及特定化石群的多样性评估中均有较好应用前景。为得到更全面的多样性信息,文章建议相关研究在使用稀疏化的同时辅以多样性估计方法。Traditionally, a single fossil bed seldom serves as the target when sampling methods are applied in palaeontological research. So the diver- sity information extracted cannot reflect the real Situ- ation of individual fossil assemblages. The method of relying on the flatness of rarefaction curves is often adopted to test sampling sufficiency how- ever, such measures are not strict. This paper indicates that sufficiency of sampling can be deter- mined by comparing the consistency between acquired diversity and underlying diversity of fossil assemblages. According to method for estimating species richness introduced from modern biology, the present study took four localities from the Cathaysiorthis brachiopod fauna as an example. Their underlying diversity was estimated by the software EstimateS. By means of curve fitting, the calculation of sample size corresponding to a given diversity was made, which can provide important information for future sampling. Such diversity estimation is a new field in palaeontology and is promising in comparison and estimation of diversity in specific fossil assemblages. This paper suggests that rarefaction should be accompanied by the estimation method to obtain the most compre- hensive extent of diversity information.

关 键 词：采样 多样性估计 稀疏化 曲线拟合 华夏正形贝 

分 类 号：Q911[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]