中国对虾新品种“黄海2号”的培育  

The new variety of Fenneropenaeus chinensis "Huanghai No.2"

作　　者：孔杰[1] 罗坤[1] 栾生[1] 王清印[1] 张庆文[1] 张天时[1] 孟宪红[1] 王伟继[1] 阮晓红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《水产学报》2012年第12期1854-1862,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31072206,31172402);青岛市关键技术攻关类项目(11-1-1-11-hy);基本科研业务费专项资金项目(20603022011010)

摘　　要：选取中国对虾"黄海1号"、"即抗98"2个养殖群体,朝鲜半岛南海群体、乳山湾群体、青岛沿岸群体及海州湾群体4个自然群体,采用不平衡巢式交配设计方案,于2005年建立了中国对虾育种的基础群体。设计并建立了中国对虾的多性状复合育种技术,选育的目标性状为生长速度、白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)感染后的存活时间及养殖存活率。结果显示,养殖170 d收获体质量的遗传力为0.22,抗WSSV存活时间的遗传力为0.14,存活率的遗传力为0.03。采用BLUP法估算个体育种值,通过百分比加权的形式,分别赋予生长速度、抗WSSV存活时间和存活率的加权值为80%、15%和5%,并对性状育种值进行标准化,获得综合选择指数;按照每个家系及个体的综合选择指数大小进行家系间及家系内留种,并根据系谱信息,设计交配方案,将每代的近交系数控制在1%以内。选育4代后的统计结果表明,平均每代的遗传进展为生长速度,13.56%;抗病力,6.76%;存活率,5.05%。3个性状中,收获体质量的遗传力最高、加权最大,每代获得的遗传进展稳定在12%以上;抗WSSV存活时间与存活率遗传力较低,每代获得的遗传进展相对小且不稳定。实验培育的新品种"黄海2号"于2009年通过全国水产原良种委员会审定,可在适合中国对虾的养殖区进行推广养殖。Two cultured populations of ＂Huanghai No.1＂ variety and ＂Jikang 98＂ strain and four wild populations（the south coast of the Korean Peninsula population,Rushan Bay population,Qingdao coast population and Haizhou Bay population） of F.chinensis were selected as basic population via unbalanced nested breeding design in 2005.The multi-traits composite selection method was designed and applied for shrimp F.chinensis genetic breeding program,and three goal traits for growth rate,survival time and survivorship in resistance to white spot syndrome virus（WSSV） were estimated.The estimated results of genetic parameters also show that the heritabilities of the shrimps were 0.22 for body weight at 170 d,0.14 for survivorship in resistance to WSSV,0.03 for survival time.According to the information obtained from estimating the breeding value of individuals using BLUP method and the method of percentage weight,the group was selected on an index weighted 80% for growth rate,15% for WSSV resistance and 5% for survival rate.In addition the breeding values（BV） were standardized,and then aggregate selection index was obtained.The next generation of families was selected to produce based on selection index values.According to the information of Pedigree,the best mating arrangement was designed and increasing number of inbreeding coefficient was lower than 0.01.After four generations of selection,statistical results show that the genetic gains of each generation on average were 13.56% for growth rate,6.76% for disease-resistance and 5.05% for survival rate.It was revealed that the heritability of body weight was the highest and with the maximal weight,in addition,the genetic gain of each generation was steadily above 12%.However,the heritability of survivorship in resistance to WSSV and survival rate were lower relatively,and the genetic gain of each generation was less and unstable.As the first F.chinensis new variety with multi-traits（better growth performance,higher survival rate and longer survival time after

关 键 词：中国对虾 多性状复合育种 生长速度 存活时间 抗白斑综合征病毒 

分 类 号：S966.1[农业科学—水产养殖]