论霸权的权力根源  

A Power Approach to the Source of Hegemon

作　　者：冯维江[1] 余洁雅[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所 [2]中国人民银行上海总部金融稳定部

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2012年第12期4-25,156,共22页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：中国社会科学院世界经济预测与政策模拟实验室资助

摘　　要：作者从权力的视角来理解霸权的行为逻辑。霸权可能是良性的,也可能是恶性的。良性霸权在运用权力的时候则应当注重权力的生产性、包容性和程序正义性。霸权的权力来源有两类:一类是基于利诱或胁迫的硬权力,主要通过向权力范围内各成员提供公共产品而获得;另一类是基于认同的软权力,只能由非霸权成员国对霸权结构做出的关系专用性投资来度量。公共产品投入与关系专用性投资之间的关系并非简单正相关关系,认为投入无形公共产品等同于提升软权力的观点,可能对一国决策产生战略性误导。一个已经积聚了相对丰裕的权力资源的国家如果想增加自身硬权力和软权力,应当按照以下原则行事:第一,根据各国对既有霸权国的资产专用性投资的情况,分析既有霸权国的软权力范围,从而避免在这一范围内徒劳地投入公共产品。第二,与既有霸权国权力范围之外的潜在成员交往时,应当长期保持诚信,并且注意其他成员的福利能够按照中性帕累托改进的标准不断提升。第三,在提供公共产品时,要注意提供那些兼具较强公益性与公害性的产品。第四,在软权力提升议题上应当有更持久的耐性。多数情况下,新兴霸权软权力的获得不是它自身努力争取到的,而是旧霸权自我败坏而流失掉的,由于霸权惯性的存在,这个过程可能历时日久。The essay analyzed the action logic of hegemon with a power approach. Hegemony can be classified as benign or malignant. A benign hegemon should be productive,inclusive and maintain procedure justice when it uses its power. The power of hegemon can be categorized into two types: the hard power,which is the use of coercion and payment and can be measured by public products,and the soft power,which shows the ability to attract and co-opt and can be measured by the relationship-specific investments. The relationship between the input of public products and the relationship-specific investments is not positively correlative. Confusing with the public products and the soft power might lead to strategic misleading. A country rich in power resources should comply with the following principles if it wanted to improve its hard power and soft power: first, analyze the scope of the existing hegemon’s soft power and avoid investing public products in the scope; second,maintain honesty in a long term and continue to increase others’benefits following the rule of neutral Pareto improvement; third,provide both public goods and public bads; fourth,be more patient to obtain soft power.

关 键 词：霸权 软权力 关系专用性投资 战略性误导 公共物品 

分 类 号：D80[政治法律—政治学]