椭圆封头不连续应力的讨论  

Discussion on the Discontinuous Stresses in Ellipsoidal Heads

作　　者：高炳军[1] 刘志伟[2] 闫文军[1] 王俊宝[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学化工学院,天津300130 [2]廊坊市锅炉压力检验所,河北廊坊市102800

出　　处：《河北工业大学学报》2000年第2期65-69,共5页Journal of Hebei University of Technology

摘　　要：根据椭圆封头近似椭圆壳的真正几何形状，分析计算了椭圆封头的不连续应力．对 于标准椭圆封头，其近似椭圆壳的总应力在过渡区的内壁存在最大的经向拉应力σφｍａｘ，但 同时存在周向压应力；过渡区的外壁存在最大周向压应力σθｍａｘ但同时存在经向拉应力； 第三强度理论相当应力在过渡区的内壁存在最大值σ３ｍａｘ无论是σφｍａｘ。还是σθｍａｘ。其 值均随厚径比的增大而减小，其位置均随厚径比的减小而越靠近封头的联接边缘．与将椭 圆封头的近似椭圆壳作为椭圆壳处理的计算结果相比，封头近似椭圆壳的σφｍａｘ、σθｍａｘ、σｒ３ｍａｘ 均较小，且差异随厚径比的增大而增大，当厚径比为 ０．０４时，误差可达 １０％左右；封头近 似椭圆壳最大应力的位置一般更靠近联接边缘．Based on the real geometry of the approximate ellipsoid of ellipsoidal heads, the discontinuous stresses are analyzed. For the standard ellipsoidal head, the maximum meridional tensile stress σφmax and hoop compressive stress are in the inner surface of the chuckle region, the maximum hoop compressive stress σθmax. and meridional tensile stress are in the outer surface of the knuckle region, and a maximum third- strengththeory equivalent stress a;3.. is in the inner surface of the knuckle region. The values of σφmax σθmax. and σr3max decrease with the increase of the thickness-to-diameter ratio, and their positions are closer to joint circles with the decrease of the ratio. Compared with the results based on the ellipsoid, the values of σφmax, σθmax and σr3max based on the approximate ellipsoid are all smaller and their positions are generally closer to the joint circles. The differences increase with the increase of the thickness-to-diameter ratio, and the differences of maximum Stress values raise up to approximate 10% when the ratio is 0.04.

关 键 词：化工设备 压力容器 椭圆封头 应力分析 

分 类 号：TQ053.2[化学工程] TH49[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]