早产低出生体质儿胃肠内合理喂养方式的探讨  

Enteral feeding methods for premature and low birth weight infants

作　　者：迟春昕[1] 侯海萍[1] 曾敬芳[1] 李卫东[1] 

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学附属小榄人民医院新生儿科,广东中山528415

出　　处：《现代临床护理》2012年第10期10-12,共3页Modern Clinical Nursing

基　　金：中山市医学科学技术研究基金项目;项目编号为20082A161

摘　　要：目的探讨早产低出生体质儿胃肠内合理喂养的方式。方法将265例早产低出生体质儿随机分为3组,实行胃肠内喂养(经口胃管喂养)A组:89例,应用温开水、5%葡萄糖水和1:1早产儿配方奶各喂养3次,每次间隔3h;B组:89例,应用温开水、5%葡萄糖水和1:1早产儿配方奶各喂养6次,每次间隔3h;C组:87例,应用温开水、5%葡萄糖水和1:1早产儿配方奶各喂养1d,每次间隔3h。观察出生至出院每组低出生体质儿每天腹胀、呕吐、胃出血、胃潴留情况及胎便排尽时间、黄疸持续时间、吸吮动作出现时间、体质增长情况及平均住院时间。结果 3组低出生体质儿喂养期间腹胀、呕吐、胃出血和胃潴留情况比较,均P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义,与B组和C组相比,A组低出生体质儿腹胀、呕吐、胃出血及胃潴留发生率较低(均P<0.01);3种喂养方式低出生体质儿胎粪排尽时间、黄疸持续时间、吸吮动作出现时间、体质增长及住院时间比较,均P<0.01,差异具有统计学意义,与B组和C组相比,A组低出生体质儿胎粪排尽时间、黄疸持续时间及平均住院时间均较短(均P<0.001),吸吮动作出现时间较早(P<0.001),出生后至出院体质增长速度较快(P<0.001)。结论应用温开水、5%葡萄糖水和1:1早产儿配方奶各喂养3次,每次间隔3h的喂养方式,降低早产低出生体质儿喂养不耐受发生率,促进生长发育,其是早产低出生体质儿胃肠内合理的喂养方式。Objective To investigate the enteral feeding methods for premature and low birth weight infants.Methods 265 premature and low birth weight infants were randomly divided into three groups：Group A（n = 89）,fed with warm water,5% glucose water and 1：1 dilution of milk three times at an interval of 3 hours;Group B（n = 89）,fed with warm water,5% glucose water and 1：1 dilution of milk for six times at an interval of 3 hours;Group C（n = 87）,fed with warm water,5% glucose water and 1：1 dilution of milk for 1 day at an intervals of 3 hours.Comparisons were made between the three groups in terms of abdominal distension,vomiting,gastric bleeding and retention,time for exhanstion of meconium,time for initial sucking action,time of jaundice,weight growth and average hospitalization duration.Results Compared to groups B and C,Group A was significantly lower at the abdominal distension,vomiting,gastric bleeding and retention（P 〈0.05）,shorter in time for exhanstion of meconium,time for jaundice,time for initial sucking action,weight growth and average hospitalization duration（P 〈0.05,for all）,time for sucking action was earlier（P 〈0.01）,and the body weights grew faster from birth to discharge from the hospital（P 〈0.05）.Conclusion The feeding methods of using warm water,sugar water and diluted milk to feed the infants three times each way is conducive to the promotion of feeding tolerance,and is a more reasonable way for premature and low birth weight infants to reduce the rate of feeding intolerance.

关 键 词：早产儿 低出生体质儿 胃肠道喂养 喂养不耐受 

分 类 号：R473.72[医药卫生—护理学]