焦化作业环境空气中颗粒物的污染特征研究  

Characteristics of particulate matter pollution in coke oven plant

作　　者：邓华欣[1] 张望珍[2] 黄坤[1] 贺云锋[1] 李晓海[1] 旷聃[1] 林大枫[1] 张晓敏[1] 邬堂春[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,环境与健康教育部重点实验室,武汉430030 [2]武钢劳动卫生职业病防治所

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2012年第12期898-901,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家973项目（2011CB503800）;卫生行业科研专项（200902006）

摘　　要：目的了解焦化作业环境空气中颗粒物的污染特征，为制定焦炉逸散物职业接触限值提供科学依据。方法选取武汉市某焦化厂的附属、炉底、炉侧和炉顶作业区，测定一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化硫（SO2）、苯可溶物（BSM）、苯系物（包括苯、甲苯和二甲苯）、PM10、PM2.5，PM10和PM2.5上16种多环芳烃（PAHs）浓度，分析颗粒物与颗粒物上载带PAHs、BSM以及焦炉逸散物其他组分的关系。结果焦化作业区空气中CO、SO2、BSM、苯系物、PM10和PM2.5及它们载带总PAHs浓度呈现附属〈炉底〈炉侧〈炉顶的趋势，趋势有统计学意义（P趋势〈0．05）。PM2.5占PM10的比例在焦化作业区间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。PM10与CO、SO2、苯、苯系物和BSM呈正相关，相关系数分别为0．705、0．823、0．664、0．624和0．734（P〈0．05）；PM2，与CO、SO2、苯、苯系物和BSM呈正相关，相关系数分别为0．635、0．916、0．680、0．553和0．726（P〈0．05）；BSM与苯呈正相关，相关系数为0．698（P〈0．05）。PM10和PM2.5上PAHs的环数分布在各作业区相同。各作业区空气中PM10和PM2.5上PAHs的总苯并（a）芘等当量浓度中位数的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论焦化厂空气中颗粒物浓度与焦炉逸散物中其他组分相关，单位体积空气中PM10和PM2.5上PAHs的含量和种类相似。Objective To explore the characteristics of particulate matter pollution in coke oven plant, so as to provide scientific data for establishing occupational exposure limits for coke oven emissions. Methods Concentrations of CO, SO2, BSM, BTEX （concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene were determined in this study）, PM10, PM2.5, 16 selected PAHs in PM10 and PM2.5 were determined in the work environment of a coke oven plant in Wuhan. The work environment was divided into the adjunct area, the bottom of, the side of and the top of coke oven. Results The concentrations of CO, SO2, BSM, BETX, PM10, PM2.5, PAHs in PM10 and PM2.5 were significantly related to working environmental categories, respectively, and were increasing as the adjunct area〈 bottom〈 side〈 top （P_trend〈0.05）. PM10 was statistically significantly correlated with CO, SO2, benzene, BTEX and BSM （0.705, 0.823, 0.664, 0.624 and 0.734, respectively）. PM2.5 was statistically significantly correlated with CO, SO2, benzene, BTEX and BSM （0.635, 0.916, 0. 680, 0.553 and 0.726, respectively）. BSM was statistically significantly correlated with benzene （0.689）. The ratios of PM2.5 to PM10 between different work environments were not significantly different in one-way ANOVA （P〉0.05）. The distribution of aromatic rings and the concentrations of total benzo[a] pyrene equivalents in PM10 and PM2.5 were not statistically different between work environments. Conclusion The concentrations of particulate matter was related with other contents of coke oven emissions in coke work environment,and the contents and types of PAHs in PM10 and PM2.5 were similar.

关 键 词：焦化厂 作业环境 焦炉逸散物 颗粒物 苯可溶物 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]