儿童铅暴露的生物标志物：回顾与展望（摘要）（英文）  

Biomarkers of Lead Exposure In Children：A Review

作　　者：刘康生[1] 郝加虎[2] 曾玉[1] 杨艳[1] 祁娟[1] 戴春芳[3] 夏冬云 童华[5] 

机构地区：[1]南京市妇幼保健院检验科 [2]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院 [3]南京市妇幼保健院产科 [4]南京市建邺区妇幼保健所 [5]南京市妇幼保健院科教科

出　　处：《中国优生与遗传杂志》2012年第12期125-130,共6页Chinese Journal of Birth Health & Heredity

摘　　要：铅是一种参与病因的心理神经中毒。胎儿和年幼的孩子的神经系统在快速发育增长期间是尤其容易受到铅的影响的。相应的,儿童比成人更容易遭受铅的神经毒性影响。婴儿和年幼的儿童可能会吸收多达50%的膳食铅,相比之下,成年人只有10%。铅通过血脑屏障的能力很大程度上归因于它能够代替钙离子。大脑中,在前额大脑皮层、海马、小脑铅损伤会导致各种各样的神经系统疾病,如脑损伤、智力障碍、行为问题、神经损害,并可能阿尔茨海默氏症、帕金森症和精神分裂。实验的研究也表明,铅暴露可能基因毒性效应,尤其是在大脑、骨髓、肝、肺细胞。本文介绍了铅生物标志物,探讨了铅对儿童的神经毒性影响。Lead is one of the neurotoxicants that seems to be involved in the etiology of psychologies.The nervous system of the fetus and young children is particulary vulnerable to lead because of its rapid growth during this time.Consequently,children are ata greater risk than adults of suffering from the neurotoxic effects of lead.Infants and young children may absorb as much as 50% of dietary lead,compared with only 10% in adults.The ability of lead topass through the blood-brain barrier is due in large part to its ability to substitute for calcium ions.Within the brain,lead-induced damage in the prefrontal cerebral cortex,hippocampus,and cerebellum can lead to a variety of neurological disorders,such as brain damage,mental retardation,behavioral problems,nerve damage,and possibly Alzheimer′s disease,Parkinson′s disease,and schizophrenia.Experimental studies have also shown that lead exposure may have genotoxic effects,especially in the brain,bone marrow,liver,and lung cells.This paper presents an overview of biomarkers of leadexposure and discusses the neurotoxic effects of lead with regard to children.

关 键 词：神经毒性 铅毒性 生物标志物 神经发展 

分 类 号：R179.1[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]