国际法视角下的中日钓鱼岛领土主权纷争  

Territorial and Sovereign Disputes over the Diaoyu Islands under the Scrutiny of International Law

作　　者：管建强[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院教授,上海200042

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2012年第12期123-137,208,共15页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：2010年度国家社科基金(一般项目)“国际法视角下的中日战后历史遗留问题研究”(10BFX092)的中期成果;上海地方本科院校“十二五”内涵建设项目“高水平特色法学学科建设与人才培养工程”的阶段性成果

摘　　要：钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿自古以来就是中国固有领土。中国最早发现、命名和利用钓鱼岛,而且对钓鱼岛进行了适度有效的管辖。日本趁中日甲午战争之际窃取中国钓鱼岛的行为,不构成先占,是非法的、无效的。二战期间,日本由于发动侵略战争而承担国家责任。在《开罗宣言》、《波茨坦公告》和《日本投降书》基础上,同盟国最高司令部作出的第677号指令,限定了日本领土的范围不包括北纬30度以南的琉球和钓鱼岛等一切岛屿。在1972年《中日联合声明》中,日本政府再度重申"坚持遵循《波茨坦公告》第8条的立场"。《开罗宣言》、《波茨坦公告》、《日本投降书》以及《中日联合声明》,不仅是构成对日本主权限制的基本文件,也是中国享有钓鱼岛主权的法律依据。The Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands have been China’s inherent territory since ancient times. They were first discovered, named and exploited by the Chinese people. Japan’s stealing of the Diaoyu Islands in 1895 is by no means occupation of terra nullius, and is illegal and invalid. In WWII, Japan was made to bear state responsibility for its invasion. In accordance with the Cairo Declaration, the Potsdam Proclamation and the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers issued the No. 677 Instruction, excluding Japan’s territory from the Ryukyu Islands south of 30° North Latitude and the Diaoyu Islands. In the 1972 China-Japan Joint Statement, the Japanese government reconfirmed that 'It firmly maintains its stand under Article 8 of the Potsdam Proclamation.' These documents serve as the legal basis whereby to limit the sovereignty of Japan and for China’s recovery of the Diaoyu Islands.

关 键 词：钓鱼岛 开罗宣言 波茨坦公告 第677号指令 

分 类 号：D823[政治法律—政治学]