胶州湾西北部潮滩湿地2009年春季大型底栖动物群落结构  

Community Structure of Macrozoobenthos Inhabiting Tidal Flat Wetlands of Northwestern Jiaozhou Bay observed in Spring,2009

作　　者：张怡晶[1] 徐宾铎[1] 王玮[2] 纪毓鹏[1] 张崇良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛市海洋与渔业局,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第12期29-38,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200805066);国家自然科学基金项目(41006083);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2010DQ026)资助

摘　　要：根据2009年春季在胶州湾西北部潮滩湿地进行的7个断面35个站位的大型底栖动物调查数据,应用单变量指数法、多元统计分析等方法研究了2009年春季大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系。研究表明,采集到的51种大型底栖动物中,多毛类18种、软体类17种、甲壳类11种、其它种类5种,大型底栖动物平均丰度111.5ind·m-2,平均生物量124.7g·m-2,优势种为凸壳肌蛤(Musculus senhousei)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)、缢蛏(Sinonovac-ula constricta)和日本大眼蟹(Macrophthalmus japonicus)。用等级聚类分析(CLUSTER)和多维尺度排序分析(NMDS)划分出大型底栖动物群落4个,包括潮滩湿地西南群落Ⅰ、潮滩湿地东北群落Ⅱ、潮滩湿地中部群落Ⅲ和潮滩湿地低潮群落Ⅳ。相似性百分比(SIMPER)分析表明,群落Ⅰ和群落Ⅱ的特征种为日本大眼蟹,群落Ⅲ的特征种为缢蛏,群落Ⅳ的特征种为菲律宾蛤仔,且菲律宾蛤仔也是群落Ⅳ与群落Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的分歧种。群落Ⅲ的生物多样性最高,而群落Ⅳ的最低。生物-环境(BIOENV)分析表明,影响胶州湾西北部潮滩湿地大型底栖动物群落结构的相关环境因子主要为海水盐度、沉积物粒径、滩涂养殖种菲律宾蛤仔丰度以及污染因子重金属汞、镉等。Community structure of macrozoobenthos inhabiting intertidal zone is often affected by envi ronmental factors such as salinity, sediment types, tidal depth, pollutants and human activities. In order to understand the structure of benthic macrofauna community in the tidal flat wetlands of northwestern Jiaozhou Bay, field surveys were conducted at 35 macrozoobenthos sampling stations distributing on 7 sections in May, 2009. Structure of macrozoobenthos community was described with ecological diversity indices and multivariate statistics analysis, and the affecting factors on the community structure were determined with rank correlation analysis. The results showed that 51 species were identified with the abundance of 111.5 ind·m^-2 and the biomass of 124. 7 g ·m^-2 in average. Polychaete （18 species） was the most abundant group, followed by molluscs （17 species） and crustaceans （11 species）. The dominant species were Musculus senhousei, Ruditapes philippinarum, Sinonovacula constricta and Macrophthalmus japonicas. CLUSTER and NMDS analyses distinguished 4 groups of macrozoobenthos community, station group Ⅰ （SGⅠ）, station group Ⅱ （SGⅡ）, station group Ⅲ （SGⅢ） and station group Ⅳ （SGⅣ）, which corresponded to southwestern, northeastern, central region and lower tidal zone of surveyed area, respectively. One-way analysis of similarity （ANOSIM） indicated that species composition was significantly different among 4 station groups. SIMPER analysis showed that M. japonicas typified SGI and SG Ⅱ , while S. constricta and R. philippinarurn typified SGⅢ and SGⅣ. R. philippinarum discriminated SGIV from SG Ⅰ , SGⅡ and SGⅢ. The highest and lowest diversity index were found in SGⅢ and SGⅣ, respectively. BIOENV analysis illustrated that salinity, sediment particle size, abundance of cultured Ruditapes philippinarum and heavy metal （Hg, Cd and Zn） were strongly associated with the structure of macrozoobenthos communities in the tidal flat wetlands of northweste

关 键 词：胶州湾 潮滩湿地 大型底栖动物 群落结构 多元统计分析 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]