山东威海滨海沙滩侵蚀现状和原因分析  

Status and Causes of Beach Erosion in Weihai,Shandong Province

作　　者：杨继超[1,2] 李广雪[1,2] 宫立新[1,2] 王楠[1,2] 张斌[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第12期97-106,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41030856);国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项(200905008-4);泰山学者建设工程专项资助

摘　　要：通过对威海市滨海沙滩的现场调查,综合分析了滨海沙滩侵蚀现状和侵蚀原因。威海市90%的滨海沙滩遭受侵蚀,沙滩资源遭到严重破坏,其中长度短小的沙滩和位置偏僻的未开发使用或者仅作生产使用的沙滩侵蚀情况较为严重。威海市的沙滩侵蚀主要表现在沙滩变窄、沙滩变陡、滩面物质粗化、侵蚀陡坎频现、老地层裸露和人工构筑物破坏等方面。沙滩侵蚀的原因可分为自然因素和人为因素两大类,自然因素包括:风暴潮、季节变化、海平面上升、构造下沉、气候变化和海岸地貌形态,人为因素包括:前滨采砂、海岸天然屏障破坏、河流输沙量减少和不合理的海岸工程。自然因素中,事件性风暴浪对滨海沙滩的侵蚀作用最为快速和显著。人为因素是造成滨海沙滩侵蚀的最主要因素,前滨采砂、河流输沙量减少和不合理的海岸工程会使沙滩在较短的时间内遭受侵蚀,而海岸天然屏障破坏则是人们比较容易忽视的环节。Through the field investigation of the beaches in Weihai City, Shandong Province, the authors analyzed the status and causes of beach erosion. Ninety percent of the beaches have been eroded and beach resources have been seriously damaged in Weihai city. The erosion of the short beaches and the rural beaches is more serious. Beach erosion of Weihai City is mainly manifested in these aspects： beach narrowing, beach steepening, mean size of surface material coarsening, erosion scarps, old strata exposed and destruction of artificial structures. Causes of beach erosion can be divided into two categories： natural factors and human factors. The natural factors include, the storm surge, seasonal variation, sea level rise, tectonic subsidence, climate change and coastal geomorphology. Human factors include, sand extraction in the foreshore, natural barrier damage, reduction of river sediment discharge and unreasonable coastal engineering. The beach erosion caused by the storm event, which belongs to the natural factors, is most rapid and significant. The human factor is the most important factor for beach erosion. Beaches can be destroyed in a relatively short time by sand excavation in the foreshore, river sediment reduction and unreasonable coastal engineering, and it is easier to neglect the erosion caused by the destruction of the coastal natural barrier.

关 键 词：滨海沙滩 海岸侵蚀 山东威海 

分 类 号：P737[天文地球—海洋地质]