松墨天牛对云南松的分解作用分析  

Decomposition Effects of Monochamus alternatus on Pinus yunnanensis

作　　者：王健敏[1] 陈晓鸣[1] 刘娟[1] 杨子祥[1] 段兆尧[2] 和玉华[1] 陈飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,国家林业局资源昆虫培育与利用重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [2]云南省林业科学院,云南昆明650204

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2012年第6期756-760,共5页Forest Research

基　　金：国家林业局948项目(2009-4-37);国家林业公益性行业科研专项(200904052);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(riricaf2012001Z)

摘　　要：为探索松墨天牛取食对林木的分解作用,本文通过对松墨天牛幼虫及成虫取食量的测定,寄主云南松韧皮组织及松墨天牛幼虫排泄物成分对比分析,并与资源利用相同的木材微生物分解能力进行对比,阐明了松墨天牛作为分解者的重要分解作用。研究表明,松墨天牛幼虫期(约为55 d)取食分解林木生物量平均为12.42 g(24.40 cm3),成虫期取食分解林木生物量平均为12.87 g(25.28 cm3);松墨天牛幼虫对糖类物质的利用度很高,具有较强的纤维分解利用能力,取食分解后总糖减少83.58%,粗纤维减少23.87%,1头松墨天牛幼虫期分解的林木粗纤维质量为1.93 g,分解利用率为0.008 g.d-1。松墨天牛对林木的分解证明,天牛作为一种重要的林木分解的先驱者,可以分解林木,更重要的是松墨天牛攻击亚健康林木,为微生物分解林木提供了容易入侵的途径,加速了亚健康林木的分解与循环,在森林生态系统物质分解与循环中具有重要的促进作用。In order to explore the effects of Monochamus alternatus＇ feeding on tree decomposition, the feeding a- mounts of larvae and adults M. alternatus were measured, the composition of phloem tissue of Pinus yunnanensis and the excrement of larvae M. alternatus were analyzed, and of the difference of decomposition abilities between M. alternatus and wood microorganisms were compared. The results indicated that the average tree biomass decomposed during larval phase of M. alternatus was 12. 42 g （24. 40 cm3 ）, and 12. 87 g （25.28 cm3 ） was decomposed in a- dulthood. The carbohydrate consuming was highly large for larva M. alternatus, so was the decomposition of fibre. The total sugar reduced by 83.58% and crude fibre decreased by 23.87% after feeding and digesting. One beetle could decompose 1.93g of crude fibre during larval phase, and the decomposition rate was 0. 008 g · d-1. The resuhs prove that M. alternatus, as an important pioneer of tree decomposing, can decompose trees. What＇s more, the progress that M. alternatus attacks sub - healthy trees will pave the way for microorganisms＇ infestation and decompo- sition ; the beetle will quickens the decomposition and circulation of sub-healthy trees and plays an important role in material decomposition and circulation as decomposer in forest ecosystem.

关 键 词：松墨天牛 云南松 取食量 分解 物质循环 

分 类 号：S718.7[农业科学—林学]