残疾人社会救助体系优化论析  

On the Optimization of Social Assistance System for the Disabled

作　　者：张兴杰[1,2] 张开云[1] 梁雅莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学公共管理学院 [2]广州市北斗星社会工作服务中心

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2012年第12期74-80,161-162,共7页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目《农村亚贫困问题与相关社会政策调整研究》(11CSH073);2012-2013年度广东省残疾人事业理论与实践研究课题《残疾人社会救助体系优化研究》的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：完善残疾人社会救助体系的传统路径侧重单个制度的修补,而忽视制度体系的整体调整和效能考量。福利国家的制度经验表明,就业导向的制度重构、工作福利的政策设计、信息系统的完备和专业化家计调查的强化是有效治理"福利依赖"或"过度救助"的制度选择与政策趋势。基于体系优化的完整性、层次性和协调性维度与模型的分析,残疾人社会救助体系存在理念滞后、管理分散、体系结构不平衡、贫困分层制度设计缺乏、救助依赖和社会支持渠道缺乏等系统障碍。本文认为,应从构建四个系统入手来优化残疾人社会救助体系,即以优化残疾人社会救助体系理念系统为前提,优化残疾人社会救助体系管理系统为关键,优化残疾人社会救助体系制度安排系统为基础和优化残疾人社会救助体系社会支持子系统为保障,实现残疾人社会救助体系的体系完整、管理协调和制度分层,提升体系效能,实现有效减贫和保障残疾人群的应有权益。The traditional path of the improvement of the social assistance system for the disabled put extra emphasis on the mending of a single institution, but neglected the integral adjustment and efficiency consideration of the system. The experience in some welfare states shows that the reconstruction of employment-oriented system, the policy design of workfare, the complement of information system and the strengthening of the specialized means test are the institutional selection and policy trends to efficiently govern 'welfare dependency' or 'excessive assistance'. Based on the analysis on the dimensions of completeness, hierarchy and coordination of system optimization model, there are lots of problems still exist in the social assistance system for disabled, such as the lag of ideas, the decentralized management, the imbalance of system structure, the design lack of poverty stratification, welfare dependency and the lack of support channel from the community. It is considered that the social assistance system for the disabled should be optimized by constructing four systems, that is optimizing the concept system of the assistance system as the prerequisite, optimizing the management system of the assistance system as the key, optimizing the arrangement system of the assistance system as the basis and optimizing the subsystem from social support of the assistance system as the guarantee, so as to achieve the system complement, coordinated management and system stratification of social assistance system for the disabled, which can effectively reduce poverty and guarantee the entitlement of the disabled.

关 键 词：残疾人 社会救助 体系优化 

分 类 号：D669.69[政治法律—政治学]