田齐“高祖黄帝”考辨  

On "Gao Zu Huang Di" by Tian Qi

作　　者：周生春[1] 孔祥来[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学经济学院,教授杭州310027 [2]浙江大学人文学院

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2012年第12期132-142,131+164,共11页Zhejiang Social Sciences

摘　　要：陈侯因齐敦铭中"高祖黄帝"之语,实是田齐国家战略的宣示,关涉着田齐及战国中期的政治发展,然学术界对这句话存在着两种不同的释读却向无认真辨析。本文系统考察此语上下文例,定"祖"为祖述之义,并进一步考明田齐祖述黄帝之旨趣乃在于以征伐王天下。兹是时代背景使然,陈侯因齐作此器铭盖在马陵之役后,其时诸侯争霸政治已发展到最后阶段,魏、秦、齐等大国诸侯皆先后开始了王天下的政治追求,战国政治经历着诸侯争霸向七国争王的转变,"高祖黄帝"正是田齐王天下的战略。但王天下非徒事征伐而已,田齐推动"高祖黄帝"战略的努力始于威王,经宣王之世,而终于涽王之败亡。The phrase 'Gao Zu Huang Di' appeared in the inscription of Yin Qi who was the marquis in Chen. Actually it was a proclamation of the state strategy of Tian Qi, which concerned with the political development of Tian Qi as well as the middle term of the Warring States period. However, the academia had two different interpretations about the phrase but without serious analysis. This article investigated the context of this phrase, defined 'Zu' as 'following the example of predecessors', and further clarified that the purpose of Tian Qi following Huang Di was to conquest other states and rule over them righteously. Historical evidences showed it was only after the War of Ma Ling that Yin Qi made this inscription. At that time, the politics of seigneur contending for hegemony had entered its last stage while the seigneur in Wei, Qin, Qi were beginning to purse obtaining the sovereignty of all kingdoms. In other words, the politics in the Warring States period was in a transition from seigneur contending for hegemony to fight for the position as the king, and 'Gao Zu Huang Di' was the strategy adopted by Tian Qi to attain sovereignty. However, sovereignty could not be attained only by wars, so that Tian Qi's state strategy of 'Gao Zu Huang Di' initiated by King Wei, continued during the rule of King Xuan, failed and ended under King Min.

关 键 词：高祖 黄帝 征伐 王天下 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学]