改良蚕沙静态好氧堆肥的发酵温度及对家蚕病原菌的灭活效果  

Fermentation Temperature of Improved Silkworm Excrement Static Aerobic Composting and Effect on Silkworm Pathogen Inactivation

作　　者：杨琼[1] 廖森泰[1] 邢东旭[1] 张发宝[2] 李丽[1] 罗国庆[1] 肖更生[1] 吴福泉[1] 肖阳[1] 李庆荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,广州510610 [2]广东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,广州510640

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2012年第6期1018-1023,共6页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项(No.CARS-22);广东省科技计划项目(No.2011B030900006;2010A090200011)

摘　　要：蚕沙是家蚕病原物的主要载体之一。为了探讨蚕沙产地无害化处理技术的可行性,调配80%蚕沙+20%蘑菇基料(蚕沙与蘑菇基料混合)、80%蚕沙+20%蘑菇基料+0.1%生物菌剂(蚕沙与蘑菇基料混合)、80%蚕沙+20%蘑菇基料+0.1%生物菌剂(蚕沙与蘑菇基料不混合)3种静态好氧堆肥,调查3种改良蚕沙静态好氧堆肥的发酵温度以及对家蚕重要传染性病原的灭活效果。结果显示:3种蚕沙静态好氧堆肥上、中、下各部位发酵温度≥50℃的时间均超过10 d,发酵温度≥60℃有4～24 d;家蚕微孢子虫和家蚕核型多角体病毒在(60±1)℃堆温下经过3 d即被完全灭活。研究结果表明:3种配料的改良蚕沙静态好氧堆肥不同部位均具有良好的发酵条件,能产生杀灭家蚕传染性病原的高温,达到蚕沙无害化处理的目的。Silkworm excrement is one of the main carriers of silkworm pathogens.In order to explore the feasibility of hazard-free treatment to silkworm excrement at production site,three static aerobic composting patterns,namely 80% silkworm excrement＋20% mushroom residue（with premix of silkworm excrement and mushroom residue）,80% silkworm excrement＋20% mushroom residue＋0.1% microbial agent（with premix of silkworm excrement and mushroom residue） and 80% silkworm excrement＋20% mushroom residue＋0.1% microbial agent（without premix of silkworm excrement and mushroom residue）,were prepared to investigate fermentation temperatures and their effect on inactivating important silkworm pathogens infectious to silkworm.The results showed that the duration of fermentation temperature ≥50 ℃ in up,middle and low parts of the three silkworm excrement static aerobic composts was all over 10 d,and that of fermentation temperature ≥60 ℃ was from 4 to 24 d.Nosema bombycis and Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus were inactivated after fermentation for 3 d at compost temper-ature of（60±1） ℃.These results indicated that the three improved static aerobic composting patterns have good fermentation conditions in different parts of the compost and generate high temperature to perish silkworm infectious pathogens,satisfying the needs of hazard-free treatment to silkworm excrement.

关 键 词：蚕沙 静态好氧堆肥 家蚕微孢子虫 家蚕核型多角体病毒 高温灭活 

分 类 号：S884.1[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]