降水测量技术现状与展望  

Current and Prospective Development of the Precipitation Measuring Techniques

作　　者：高太长[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军理工大学气象海洋学院,南京211101

出　　处：《气象水文装备》2012年第6期1-7,共7页meteorological and hydrological equipments

摘　　要：降水现象是指云中液态水或固态水向地面降落的一种天气现象，准确测量降水对于天气预报、气候分析以及洪涝、山体滑坡、泥石流等自然灾害的监测与预警有着重要的意义。目前国内降水测量的常规业务仪器主要有雨量筒、翻斗式雨量计、称重式雨量计，只能测量雨量和雨强；国外已经出现能够测量降水谱分布、粒子形状、速度等特征的科学仪器，国内的相关科研和气象服务只能依赖进口仪器。为了突破现有技术水平的限制，提高降水测量的能力，本文重点对现有降水测量技术、方法和现状进行了分析，对与现代光电技术、数字处理技术、资料处理与信息提取相关的关键技术进行了剖析，认为需要从提高光电技术与降水测量需求相结合、原理创新与仪器性能提高相结合、降水信息提取与资料应用相结合等方面提高我国降水测量的技术水平。Precipitation is any of the forms of water particles, whether liquid or solid, those fall from the atmosphere and reach the ground, measurement of precipitation is important for the weather forecast, climate analysis, monitoring and prediction of flood, landslide, debris flow, and etc. At present, rainfall and rainrate is measured by rain gauge, tipping bucket pluviometer and weighing pluviometer, which are the operational instruments in domestic meteorological observation operation; several overseas scientific instruments have come up, which can measure the particle size distribution, the shape and terminal velocity of particles, and etc. However relative domestic scientific research and weather service only rely on the import instrument. Aim at the development of the manufacturing tech- niques about the precipitation measurement; the principle, method and current status of advanced precipitation measuring scientific instrument in existence are discussed; and relative key techniques are analyzed based on the development of modem photoelectric techniques and digital processing techniques. To prompt the precipitation measurement at home, more attempts should focus on the combination of the photoelectric techniques and the de- mand of precipitation measurement, the combination of the principal innovation and the prompt of instruments performance, the combination of the information extraction and the data application.

关 键 词：降水测量 关键技术 发展展望 

分 类 号：P412.13[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]