菲、芘、苯并(a)芘单一暴露及分别与α-萘黄酮(ANF)联合暴露对海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)胚胎发育毒性效应的比较研究  

Effects of phenanthrene,pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene individual exposure and co-exposure with α-naphthoflavone on the embryonic development of marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma)

作　　者：穆景利[1,2,3] 王新红[3] 靳非[1,2] 王菊英[1,2] 洪华生[3] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]国家海洋环境监测中心海洋化学室,辽宁大连116023 [3]厦门大学近岸海洋环境国家重点实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《海洋学报》2012年第6期142-150,共9页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41106089);海洋公益性行业科研专项(200805090;201105013;201205012)

摘　　要：为了解和探讨3～5环PAHs对海水鱼类胚胎发育的毒性及作用方式,比较研究了菲(phe-nanthrene,Phe)、芘(pyrene,Py)、苯并(a)芘(benzo(a)pyrene,BaP)单一暴露和三者各自与α-萘黄酮(α-naphthoflavone,ANF)联合暴露对海水青鳉(marine medaka,Oryzias melastigma)胚胎发育的毒性效应。胚胎体内EROD活性、发育畸形、孵化率和心律等毒性指标被测定,结果显示:Phe,Py和BaP对海水青鳉胚胎体内EROD活性的诱导能力大小为BaP>Py>Phe,各化合物对EROD诱导与发育畸形之间的关系较为复杂,除Phe所引起的EROD诱导与畸形指数之间呈显著相关(r=0.95,p=0.015)外,Py和BaP均无相关性;在100μg/dm3 ANF影响下,CYP1A活性诱导被抑制,但胚胎发育的畸形指数被显著提高,ANF分别与Phe,Py和BaP的联合暴露对胚胎发育呈潜在的协同作用。本文研究初步表明,3～5环PAHs化合物对海水青鳉胚胎发育的毒性作用方式可能不同;CYP1A活性抑制在PAHs混合物对海水青鳉胚胎发育的毒性作用过程中未起到缓解毒性的作用,CYP1A抑制剂与PAH型CYP1A诱导剂的混合物对鱼类胚胎发育具有潜在的协同毒性作用,现有的PAHs混合物毒性风险评价方法可能低估了实际环境中PAHs的风险;海水青鳉早期生活阶段的心脏发育对PAHs混合物暴露较为敏感,可推荐其作为生物标志物指示PAHs或溢油污染。In order to understand the developmental effects and mode of actions of marine fish embryos ex- posed to three-to five-ring PAH, the ovo EROD activity, heart elongation, hatch rate and heartbeat were measured after the individual exposure of phenanthrene （Phe）, pyrene （Py） and benzo（a）pyrene （BaP）and co-exposure each of them with α-naphthoflavone （ANF） for marine medaka （Oryzias meZastigma） em- bryos. Results showed that the rank order in the potency for causing ovo EROD activity induction in ma- rine medaka embryos was BaP〉Py2〉Phe. The relationships between EROD induction and embryo devel- opment deformity in each individual exposure of Phe, Py and BaP were very complex, a significant correla- ted with ovo EROD and deformity index was observed only in Phe（r=0.95,p=0. 015）. Embryos co-ex- posed to 100 μg/L ANF with each of each of Phe, Py and BaP were increased in the severity of deformities and were decreased in the hatch rates compared with embryos exposed to PAH individual. The combina- tion effects of each PAH with ANF showed potential synergistic effects. These results demonstrated that there may be different mode of actions on the developmental toxicity effects of marine medaka embryos ex- posed to three-to five-ring PAH, CYP1A activity inhibited by ANF would not effectively alleviate the em- bryonic development toxicity on marine medada exposed to PAH. There may be a potential synergistic effect on the toxicity in marine fish embryos co-exposed to CYP1A inhibitor and PAH-type CYPIA induc- er, and the current PAH mixture risk assessment model may underestimate their toxicity, particularly of mixtures containing both CYPIA inducers and inhibitors. Heart deformities found to be the most sensitive endpoint in early life stage of marine medaka were recommended as a biomarker to indicate the pollution of PAHs or oil spill in field study.

关 键 词：多环芳烃 海水青鳉 模式鱼种 发育毒性 早期生活阶段 风险评价 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]