多层喷射沉积颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究现状与发展趋势  

Current State and Developing Trends of Multi-layer Spray Deposited Aluminium Matrix Composites Reinforced with Particles

作　　者：贺毅强[1] 陈志钢[2] 

机构地区：[1]淮海工学院机械工程学院,江苏连云港222005 [2]湖南科技大学机电学院,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《材料科学与工程学报》2012年第6期943-949,共7页Journal of Materials Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51004050);淮海工学院人才引进科研启动基金资助项目(KQ09028)

摘　　要：通过多层喷射沉积技术制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料,强化了冷却效果,能获得细小均匀的显微组织,优化复合材料中增强相的分布及其与基体的结合状态。本文综述了喷射沉积颗粒增强铝基复合材料的发展现状;介绍了多层喷射沉积技术的原理与工艺参数;概述了喷射沉积颗粒增强Al-Zn-Mg系、Al-Fe系与Al-Si系复合材料;并介绍喷射沉积颗粒增强铝基复合材料的致密化技术,着重介绍在小吨位设备上致密大块多孔材料的楔形压制工艺、外框限制轧制、陶粒包覆轧制工艺和热压后轧制工艺;展望了喷射沉积铝基复合材料的的发展趋势,认为增强颗粒与基体界面的结合强度有待进一步提高,提出了多层喷射沉积技术将朝在可编程控制下制备组织均匀、细小且致密度高的大尺寸坯料方向发展,而致密化技术也将朝小吨位设备制备大尺寸致密材料的方向发展,认为热压和楔形压制作为预致密方式能有效提高大尺寸喷射沉积坯料的成形能力,有利于进一步成形。Multi-layer spray deposition technology employed to make particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites can promote the effect of fast cooling, refine and homogenize microstructure, narrow the particle size distribution and optimize the particles and matrix bonding. In this paper, the current situations of R^D of spray deposited aluminum matrix composites, the principles and processing parameters of multi-layer spray deposition are reviewed. The developments of spray deposited A1-Zn-Mg, A1-Fe and A1-Si matrix composites are summarized. Densification methods for spray deposited aluminum matrix composites, especially novel methods including wedge pressing, cage rolling, ceramics rolling, and hot pressing for bulk preform compacted on a light tonnage equipment are emphasized. Developing trends of multi-layer spray deposited aluminum matrix composites are also presented. It is Considered that the bonding of the interface between the reinforcement particles and the aluminum matrix needs to be optimized. Multi-layer spray deposition has been invented to preparing bulk parts with uniform and high density in a programmable control. Densifieation methods are also developed towards light tonnage compact bulk preform. And the forming ability of the bulk deposits can be enhanced effectively by hot and wedge pressing, and then benefitting the deformation in next step.

关 键 词：多层喷射沉积 铝基复合材料 颗粒增强 致密化 

分 类 号：TG146.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]