清代“湖广填川”移民带来的社会和生态冲突及其调控  

Social and Ecological Conflicts Brought by "Huguang Tian Sichuan" Immigration Movement in the Qing Dynasty and Governmental Regulation

作　　者：岳精柱 

机构地区：[1]重庆湖广会馆管理处,重庆400012

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第6期26-31,共6页Journal of Chongqing Normal University Edition of Social Siences

基　　金：重庆市委宣传部"重庆移民史研究"项目;重庆市政府重大招标课题<重庆移民史>(CQZDZ11)阶段成果

摘　　要：清代"湖广填川"移民运动,给巴蜀带来了大量劳动力,促进了巴蜀经济的恢复,社会的发展。但因习俗差异和土地问题,土客之间,移民族群间的冲突频发;且人口的迅速膨胀,人地矛盾突出,过度开荒种地,又造成一系列生态问题。清政府在处理土客之间,移民族群间的冲突中,其政策是积极有效的,但面对人地矛盾,其政策又是消极的,暂时的。＂Huguang Tian Sichuan＂ immigration movement in Qing Dynasty had brought plenty of labor to Sichuan province,also promoted its economic recovery and social development.But because of differences in customs and land problem,there were frequent conflicts between Tujia and the Hakkas,even among those immigrants＇ groups.As for this,the Qing government also took some administrative measures to regulate these conflicts.The rapid increase of population,outstanding contradiction between human and land,excessive land reclamation caused series of ecological problems.When dealing with conflicts between Tujia and the Hakkas or among immigrants＇ groups,the Qing government adopted positive and efficient policies,while policies about conflicts between human and land were negative and temporary.Moreover,the Qing government accomplished nothing in face of ecological problems.So Sichuan people led a difficult life,Sichuan society was instable and out of order.

关 键 词：清代移民 “湖广填川” 土客冲突 人地矛盾 政府调控 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]