台站观测环境改变对我国近地面风速观测资料序列的影响  

Impact of the Observational Environment Change on Surface Wind Speed in China

作　　者：刘学锋[1,2] 梁秀慧 任国玉[2] 任芝花[3] 

机构地区：[1]河北省气象信息中心,河北石家庄050021 [2]中国气象局气候研究开放实验室/国家气候中心,北京100081 [3]国家气象信息中心,北京100081

出　　处：《高原气象》2012年第6期1645-1652,共8页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：中国气象局气象新技术推广项目"观测环境和仪器变化对地面观测资料的影响评估(CMATG2008Z12)";国家自然科学基金项目(40575039);公益性行业(气象)科研专项"近百年全球陆地气候变化监测技术与应用"项目(GYHY201206012)共同资助

摘　　要：利用中国大陆地区460个气象台站1971-2002年10m高度平均风速资料和2007年台站观测环境综合调查资料,根据环境评分分数、障碍物视宽角等影响地面观测风速的台站环境数据,将气象台站分为五类,分别对平均风速观测记录进行了比较分析。结果表明,全国范围内绝大多数未迁移台站近地面平均风速呈明显的减小趋势,冬季平均风速相对减小的趋势最大、秋季最小;在影响风速观测资料序列的台站观测环境因素中,观测场周围障碍物视宽角最为重要,随着周围障碍物视宽角的增大,风速相对减小的趋势也变得更明显;台站周围障碍物视宽角对年和季平均风速减小趋势的贡献最大,约为三分之一。因此,观测环境变化对地面风速资料序列的影响是不可忽视的重要因素。Using a data set of mean surface wind speed at 460stations in the period 1971—2002and comprehensive environmental survey data of meteorological station in China in 2007,the effects of the observational environment change on long-term wind speed trends in China are analyzed.Based on the observational environment rating scores and wide-angles of barrier around observational surface,the stations are classified to five groups,and a comparative analysis is made to identify the differential effects of the observational environment on the surface wind speed.The results show that there are significant decreasing trends of annual mean surface wind speed for most of the non-moved stations,and the largest decrease occurs in winter,and the least change in autumn.The observation environment affecting wind speed includes many factors,but the wide-angle of barrier around observational surface is the most important factor.The decreasing trend of wind speed increases with the wide-angle of barrier around observational surfaces.The wide-angle of barrier around observational surface accounts for about one third of the observed decreasing trend in surface wind speed,but the observational environment change is not the only factor affecting the wind speed change.

关 键 词：观测环境 平均风速 风速变化 

分 类 号：P463.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]