昆明地区城市热岛效应的再分析  

Reanalysis on the Urban Heat Island Effect in Kunming

作　　者：陈艳[1] 段旭[1] 董文杰[2] 杨明珠[3] 段长春[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省气象科学研究所,云南昆明650034 [2]北京师范大学全球变化与地球系统科学研究院,北京100875 [3]中国气象局国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《高原气象》2012年第6期1753-1760,共8页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40905033);云南省应用基础重点项目(2011FA031);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF-09-4);云南省气象局气候变化专项(QH201002)共同资助

摘　　要：在对地面气温资料进行均一性检验和订正的基础上,分析了1971—2008年昆明地区(包括城区、郊县和太华山)气温序列的变化趋势,研究了城市化对气温序列的可能影响,揭示了在城市化快速推进和低纬高原复杂地形条件下城市热岛效应的特殊性和复杂性。结果表明,昆明地区的平均气温总体呈上升趋势,上升速率大小依次为昆明城区>郊县>太华山。其中,昆明城区和郊县气温具有相似的变化规律,主要表现为冬、春季最低气温显著升高和气温日较差明显减小;太华山气温的变化则明显不同,主要表现为最低气温全年少变,冬、秋季最高气温小幅上升,而气温日较差有增大趋势。20世纪80年代中后期以来,昆明城区与郊县气温,特别是最低气温的显著上升可能受到城市化的严重影响,因此以往以郊县为对比乡村站的研究在很大程度上低估了城市化对昆明气温序列的影响。而在此之前,昆明最低和最高气温均会因对比乡村站选取的不同而表现出"城市冷岛"特征。Using the homogeneous surface air temperatures from 1971through 2008,the temperature trends in Kunming region,including its four suburban counties and a real rural station of Taihua Hill are analyzed.The particularity and complexity of the urban heat island（UHI）effects with the rapid urbanization in the low-latitude plateau are studied.The results indicate that the annual mean temperatures are generally increasing despite their different amplitudes,with a descending order from Kunming,suburban counties to Taihua Hill.As for the trends of temperature,that in Kunming and its suburban counties present similar characteristics.The primary feature is that the minimum temperature trends ascend in winter and spring and the diurnal temperature range obviously descends.However,the temperature of Taihua Hill varies in a dissimilar way,with no obvious trend of the minimum temperature in all seasons and somewhat increasing trends of the maximum temperature and the diurnal temperature range.The temperature,especially the minimum temperature in Kunming and its suburban counties may have been contaminated substantially under UHI effect since late 1980s,which results in more serious assessment of UHI at Kunming than previous studies that taking stations in medium and small cities as rural ones.In the addition,both the minimum and maximum temperatures in Kunming tend to show cold urban island features before late 1980swhen taking Taihua Hill and the suburban counties as rural station,respectively.

关 键 词：城市热岛效应 气温变化 昆明地区 

分 类 号：P463.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]