添加沸石对鸡粪高温堆肥磷钾径流及淋洗损失的影响  

Effects of Zeolite Addition on the Loss of Phosphorus and Potassium Through Runoff and Leaching in Poultry Manure Composting

作　　者：魏宗强[1,2] 罗一鸣[2,3] 吴绍华[1] 孙钦平[2] 刘本生[2] 李吉进[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210093 [2]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2012年第12期2486-2492,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103014-3);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B01)

摘　　要：采用鸡粪与玉米秸秆在露天自然条件下进行好氧堆肥,系统研究了堆肥期间磷钾的径流与淋洗损失及其环境风险,并对比分析了添加沸石对堆肥养分损失的影响。结果表明:磷的损失率小于10%,主要通过径流和淋洗途径损失;钾的损失率在13%～16%之间,添加沸石可以有效减少堆肥期间钾素损失,提高堆肥产品的钾含量;堆肥期间磷钾流失浓度逐渐降低,随时间变化符合线性方程y=a+bt及一级动力学方程y=aebt;径流水中总磷(3.39～21.64mg·L-1)与无机磷(2.05～17.69mg·L-1)浓度均超出了引起水体富营养化的风险阈值;与堆肥前相比,单季堆肥可导致30cm土层土壤速效磷及60cm土层土壤速效钾含量显著提高,添加沸石可降低堆肥期间养分淋洗损失。长期露天堆肥对地表水及地下水存在安全隐患。An outdoor pilot scale experiment of high-temperature composting,that used poultry manure and corn straw as composting materi-als,was carried out to study the effects of zeolite on the loss of phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） through runoff and leaching.Phosphorus loss was relatively low（10% of the initial P）,and mainly lost through runoff.The natural zeolite that was added in the initial mixture de-creased K loss during composting,and improved the K content of the composting product in comparison with the control treatment.Concen-trations of TP,water soluble P,and TK in runoff decreased as composting proceeded,and fitted for a linear（y=a＋bt） or first-order kinetics（y= ae bt） regression.Concentrations of total P and soluble P of runoff during composting,which were 3.39~21.64 mg·L-1 and 2.05~17.69 mg·L-1,respectively,exceeded the threshold of eutrophication.Accumulated P loss through leaching were 2.78 g and 3.28 g for control and zeolite treatments,in which 20%~30% was organic P.The composting in an open windrow resulted in Olsen-P and available K leaching to a depth of 30 cm and 60 cm beneath the composting site,respectively.Zeolite addition can reduce the loss of P and K through leaching during compost-ing.Long-term open composting has a great potential risk of surface and shallow groundwater pollution.

关 键 词：堆肥 磷 钾 沸石 径流损失 淋洗损失 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]