基于分区和多元数据的青藏高原温泉区域多年冻土分布研究  

Permafrost Distribution Using Sub-region Classification and Multivariate DatPermafrost Data in theWenquan Area over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：张秀敏[1,2] 盛煜[1] 赵林[3] 吴吉春[1] 陈继[1] 杜二计[3] 游艳辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]陕西省地方电力(集团)有限公司,陕西西安710000 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《地理科学》2012年第12期1513-1520,共8页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：科技部基础性工作专项(2008FY110200);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2010CB951402)资助

摘　　要：以野外勘探、室内理论分析与建模为主要研究方法,以数字高程模型(GDEM)和实测数据为基础进行统计分析,发现坡向对多年冻土分布具有重要影响。针对青藏高原温泉区域地形的复杂性,基于分区的方法将研究区分为平原区和山区两个地形区。对于平原区来说,考虑到苦海湖泊对多年冻土的影响,将苦海滩地单独划出并采用专家知识完成冻土制图,其余平原区采用建立的地温模型进行冻土制图;对于山区来说,通过定量化研究坡向对冻土地温的影响建立了基于坡向调整作用下的地温模型,应用此模型完成了山区的冻土分布图。以地温作为冻土类型划分的依据,分析了研究区域冻土的空间分布与特征,结果表明:多年冻土的分布面积为1 681.4km2,占整个区域的66.7%,其中,过渡型和亚稳定型多年冻土为主要多年冻土类型,两者占整个研究区域的50.8%,其次为不稳定型多年冻土(11.4%),稳定型和极稳定型多年冻土的面积比例相对较小(4.4%和0.2%)。从空间分布格局来看,冻土分布具有明显的垂直分带特征,随着海拔高度的升高,冻土地温逐渐降低,冻土类型依次经历季节冻土-不稳定型多年冻土-过渡型多年冻土-亚稳定型多年冻土-稳定型多年冻土-极稳定型多年冻土的变化。The Wenquan area is located in the southeastem part of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Administratively, it ex- tends across four counties, Xinghai, Maduo, Maqin and Dulan of the Qinghai Province, western China. It is a transi- tional area from the seasonally frozen soil to permafrost. In order to understand distribution patterns of permafrost in the area, a comprehensive field exploration was carried out, from September to October, in 2009. Based on the methods of field exploration, as well as theoretic analysis and model building in doors and the data of digital eleva- tion model and field, it was found that aspect has important influence on the distribution of permafrost. In this pa- per, sub-region classification method was proposed to deal with the distribution of permafrost because of the impact of complex terrain. For the plain area, the permafrost distribution map in Kuhai area was completed by the expert knowledge and other areas＇ maps which completed by means of annual ground temperature model. For the moun- tain area, the effects of aspect on thedistribution of permafrost were studied quantitatively and a permafrost distri- bution model was constructed. Taking ground temperatures of permafrost as classification principles, the distribu- tion map of permafrost and the spatial distribution patterns analysis were carried out. The results showed that the ar- ea of permafrost was 1 681.4 km2, accounting for 66.7% of the whole area. The transitional and sub-stable perma- frost were the major types of permafrost, accounting for 50.8% of the whole area; unstable permafrost was account- ed for about 11.4% of the total area, yet the percentage of stable and extreme-stable were smaller relatively, the per- centage was 4.4% and 0.2% respectively. From the distribution pattern of permafrost, vertical zoning characteristics were demonstrated in the distribution of permafrost, i.e., the type of frozen ground would be altered with the in- crease of altitude and the decrease of permafrost ground temperature. A change was

关 键 词：冻土分布 分区 多元数据 温泉区域 

分 类 号：P461.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]