水成膜泡沫灭火剂致土壤污染的健康风险分析  

Health risks of aqueous film forming foam extinguishing agent in a polluted soil site

作　　者：李屹 朱江[2] 耿红[3] 姚晨婷[3] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部水专项管理办公室,北京100029 [2]临汾市公安消防支队 [3]山西大学环境科学与工程研究中心

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2012年第12期1096-1100,共5页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21177078);山西省自然科学基金(2011011009-2);2012年度太原市大学生创新创业计划(120164091)

摘　　要：目的了解消防训练场附近水成膜泡沫灭火剂(AFFF)所致的全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)和全氟辛酸及其盐(PFOA)的土壤环境风险。方法通过高效液相-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)检测太原市某消防训练场附近土壤中PFOS、PFOA含量,并运用健康风险模型就该区域土壤中PFOS和PFOA对附近居民的致癌和非致癌风险进行评估。结果训练场附近河流下游土壤中PFOS和PFOA的含量范围分别为127.2～510.5 ng/g和100.3～417.9 ng/g,其对附近居民的综合致癌累积风险值为7.70×10-6,超过了可接受风险水平。结论排入环境中的消防泡沫残液可引起附近土壤中"C8类"氟碳表面活性剂如PFOS和PFOA的含量增加并不断蓄积,造成PFOS和PFOA对附近居民的健康损害风险。Objective To investigate the environmental risks of Cs fluorochemicals such as perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS） and perfluorooctanoic acid （PFOA） in aqueous film forming foam extinguishing agents （AFFF） which were used for fire-fighting exercises. Methods Concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in the soil near a fire-fighting training field in Taiyuan, China were detected by using a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS）; and the non-cancer and cancer risk values of PFOS and PFOA in soil caused by AFFF were calculated by using a health risk assessment model. Results The levels of PFOS and PFOA in the soil were 127.2-510.5 ng/g and 100.3-417.9 ng/g, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the background sites; their overall cancer risk on local inhabitants was 7.70~10% greatly exceeding the acceptable risk value. Conclusion The soil near the fire-fighting training field has been polluted by PFOS and PFOA due to usage of fire-fighting foams, likely making damages on local inhabitants＇ health.

关 键 词：水成膜泡沫灭火剂 氟碳表面活性剂 土壤 环境风险 消防 

分 类 号：R124[医药卫生—环境卫生学] X820.4[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]