有毒气体在不同泄漏模式下的事故后果分析  

Accident consequence analysis of toxic gas leak in different release modes

作　　者：朱红亚[1] 王青松[1] 李一帆[1] 孙金华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥230026

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2012年第6期216-222,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：十二五国家科技支撑项目(2011BAK07B01;2012BAK13B01)

摘　　要：为研究氯化氢气体在不同泄漏模式下泄漏扩散的影响范围,基于DEGADIS重气模型,使用ALOHA软件对罐体泄漏和管道泄漏进行了模拟研究。对于罐体泄漏的小孔连续泄漏、大孔有限时间泄漏、瞬时泄漏3种模式,在相同泄漏量和同等气象条件下,氯化氢体积分数随距泄漏源距离的增加而降低,但瞬时泄漏的影响范围最大,且扩散速度最快。对于管道泄漏的无限源和有限源泄漏模式,前者的影响范围高于后者,但与泄漏量不成正比例增加。通过比较可知,罐体的瞬时泄漏和管道的无限源泄漏模式具有较大的危害区域。To investigate the influenced area of hydrogen chloride re- lease and dispersion in different release modes, tank and pipeline re- lease were simulated with ALOHA based on heavy gas model of DE- GADIS. It can be found that hydrogen chloride concentration is de- creasing with the increasing distance for the three tank release modes which including continuous release through small opening, release through big opening as well as instantaneous release at the same condition of leakage quantity and meteorology. The instantaneous release mode exhibits maximum influenced distances including the downwind distance and crosswind distance and also maximum influenced areas which including the dead area, serious injured area and slight injured area. h shows the fastest dispersion speed if compared to other two modes. Furthermore, the variations of the indoor and outdoor concen- tration with the dispersion time at the same location are different for the three tank release modes. In the mode of continuous release through small opening, the outdoor concentration increases to the maximum value and then roughly stays at the same level with littie decrease, while the indoor concentration is always increasing with the time. In the modes of release through big opening and instantaneous release, the outdoor concentrations for both cases increase to the maximum value first, and then decrease promptly to zero after the transmission of hydrogen chloride vapor cloud moves towards the downwind direction. However, the indoor concentrations for both conditions present an increasing trend up to the maximum value. For the pipeline release modes, the influenced area of infinite source re- lease mode is larger than that of limited source release mode, but it does not follow a linear function with leakage quantity. The results of simulation in the infinite source pipeline release mode and the limited source release mode are similar with that of continuous tank release mode through small opening and big opening, respectively. Through the comparison

关 键 词：安全工程 泄漏模式 罐体泄漏 管道泄漏 事故后果 氯化氢 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]