聚能射流破岩的数值模拟及其应用  

Numerical Simulation of Shaped Charge Jet and Its Application in Rock Blasting

作　　者：常建平[1] 王德胜[1] 孙超[1] 米艳丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2012年第6期105-109,共5页Mining Research and Development

摘　　要：为解决地下矿开采中二次爆破的炸药单耗高,爆能利用率低、对巷道破坏大等问题,提出了聚能射流爆破不合格大块矿石的方案。利用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对聚能射流的形成过程进行了数值模拟,模拟了药型罩锥角,药型罩壁厚及普通民用炸药和药型罩材料对聚能射流形成的影响。结果表明,聚能射流速度随锥角增大而减小,药型罩最佳壁厚随着药型罩锥角的增大而增大。进行了聚能射流破碎大块的现场试验,试验证实用较低爆速的民用炸药替代高爆速炸药、塑料药型罩代替金属药型罩可形成有效射流,可满足地下矿二次爆破破碎不合格大块的要求。In order to solve the problems existing in the seconda- ry blasting of chunk in underground mine, such as the high unit consumption of explosives, poor utilization rate of explosives energy,the great damage of tunnel and so on, it was advance that shaped charge jet is used to blast unqualified chunk. The numerical simulation of the jet formation process was made with the software of finite element computation ANSYS/LS - DYNA. And numerical calculation of the influences of cone angle,well thickness, normal civil explosives and the materials of liner on shaped charge jet was made. The results showed that the velocity of shaped charge jet drooped with cone angle increasing, and the best thickness of liner became larger with the increase of the cone angle. The field experiment of blasting chunk with shaped charge jet was carried out, and it was proved that when a high - velocity explosive was replaced with a low - velocity civil explosive and metal liner was replaced with plastic liner, effective shaped charge jet could form, so the demand of second chunk blasting in underground mine could meet.

关 键 词：聚能射流 药型罩 低爆速炸药 数值模拟 二次爆破 

分 类 号：TD235.4[矿业工程—矿井建设]