喀斯特坡耕地产流特征及影响因素  

Runoff Features and the Influencing Factors on Karst Sloping Farmland

作　　者：胡奕[1] 戴全厚[1] 王佩将[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2012年第6期46-51,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41061029);贵州省优秀青年科技人才培养计划项目(黔科合人字[2011]13号);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC02B02)

摘　　要：选取我国西南喀斯特地区作为研究区域,以黄壤为试验土壤,通过人工降雨模拟喀斯特坡耕地坡面产流过程,探索其特征及影响因素。结果表明:(1)地表径流与降雨强度的变化呈极显著正相关关系,与地下孔(裂)隙度、岩石裸露率的变化均呈负相关;地下孔(裂)隙流与降雨强度、地下孔(裂)隙度及岩石裸露率的变化均呈正相关,但其相关性均较弱。随着坡度的增大,地表产流量呈先增大后减小,而地下孔(裂)隙流则表现为持续减小。(2)岩石裸露率、降雨强度、坡度和地下孔(裂)隙度等因子对地表径流的影响程度依次是降雨强度>坡度>地下孔(裂)隙度>岩石裸露率,其对地下径流的影响程度依次是坡度>降雨强度>地下孔(裂)隙度>岩石裸露率。(3)地表径流率随时间的变化总体特征为先迅速增大,然后缓慢减小,最后在50～60min以后趋于稳定,地下径流率总体呈现出随降雨历时增长而减小的趋势,但不同变化因素水平下地表及地下径流率随时间的变化差异都较大。This paper chose the Karst area of southwest China as the research region, took yellow soil for test, through the Karst slope surface simulation runoff process of artificial rainfall experiment, to explore the runoff characteristics and the influencing factors, Results are as follows： （1）Surface runoff had very significant positive correlation with rainfall intensity, and negatively correlation with underground crevasse ratios, rocks cover rate. Underground crevasse flow was positively related with rainfall intensity, underground crevasse ratios and rocks cover rate, but its relevance was weak. Along with the increase of the slope, the surface flow in first increased, then decreased, while underground crevasse flow continued to decrease. （2） The influencing degree＇s order of factors to surface runoff was. Rainfall intensity 〉slope 〉underground crevasse ratios 〉rocks cover rate, that to the underground runoff was： The slope 〉 rainfall intensity 〉 underground crevasse ratios 〉 rocks cover rate. （3）The overall features of runoff rate with the change of time was that the first increased rapidly, and then slowly decreased, and the last, in the 50〉60 minutes later became stable trend. The underground runoff with the growth of the rainfall duration revealed a decreasing trend, but under different level of the factors, the rate of surface and underground runoff had a great difference with the change of time.

关 键 词：人工降雨模拟 喀斯特地区 产流特征 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]