亚低温及钾肥对温室番茄光合作用和品质的影响  

Effects of Sub-low Temperature and Potassium Fertilizer on Photosynthesis and Fruit Quality of Greenhouse Tomato

作　　者：李俊[1] 李建明[1] 胡晓辉[1] 张大龙[1] 徐菲[1] 赵志华[1] 宋丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2012年第12期2471-2478,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2011AA100504);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD12B03-03)

摘　　要：以‘金棚10号’番茄为试验材料,采用盆栽方法,研究了温度与钾肥交互作用对温室盆栽番茄光合作用和品质的影响,为合理施用钾肥提高番茄生长发育过程中抵抗亚低温乃至低温耐性提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)与常温下正常栽培相比,亚低温使番茄植株生长发育迟缓,花序数、叶片数、节间距、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率、单果重及品质显著下降,气孔限制值升高。(2)增施一定量的钾肥能够显著提高亚低温下温室番茄的花序数、叶片数、节间距、叶绿素含量、光合作用、番茄单果重和品质,缓解了亚低温胁迫对温室番茄的伤害。(3)亚低温胁迫下,单株钾肥用量为18.54g时对番茄植株受到亚低温胁迫伤害的缓解效果最佳,少施或者多施都不利于亚低温下番茄植株的正常生长发育。研究表明,亚低温条件下,增施适量的钾肥能有效提高番茄抵抗亚低温胁迫能力,有利于番茄植株的生长和果实品质的提高。A potted experiment was carried out about tomato of ＇Jinpeng No. 10＇ in temperature and potas- sium fertilizer interaction to explore the effects on photosynthesis and quality in greenhouse. The results show that,compared with the normal temperature,the sub-low temperature keeps the greenhouse tomatoes grow slowly,and ni flowers number,leaves number,internodal length,chlorophyll content,net photosyn- thetic rate, stomatal conductance, the intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, stomatal conduct- ance,water use efficiency,weight and quality decreased obviously,and stomatal limitation increase. But if add a certain amount of potassium fertilizer,it can remit the harm of the greenhouse tomatoes,and improve flowers number, leaves number, internodal length, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, tomato fruit weight and quality under the sub-low temperature. Under the sub-low temperature stress,as the dosage of potassi- um fertilizer for one sample is 18.54 g has conspicuous impact on alleviating the harm of tomato plants. Less or more is not good for the tomato plants, In summary,adding a certain amount of potassium fertilizer can improve tomatoes＇ the ability of resistance to plants＇ growth and fruit quality. the sub-low temperature stress; it benefits the tomatoesplants＇ growth and fruit quality.

关 键 词：番茄 亚低温 钾肥 光合作用 品质 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]