美国华盛顿州溢油自然资源损害简易评估方法及其在厦门湾的应用  

Simplified assessment method of natural resource damage from oil spill in Washington State of United States and the application of this method in Xiamen Bay of East China

作　　者：马丽[1] 陆志强[2] 王翠[1] 李吉鹏[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005 [2]集美大学水产学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第1期226-231,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项(海三科2009062);国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项(201105006);福建省自然科学基金项目(2010J05098)资助

摘　　要：海洋溢油事故多以小型溢油为主,研究快速高效、耗费较低且所需信息量较少的溢油自然资源损害简易评估方法十分必要。本文以美国华盛顿州自然资源损害简易评估方法为框架,根据厦门湾海洋环境特点和生态敏感目标分布状况,确定溢油的环境效应包括溢油的急性毒性,机械伤害和持久性效应以及海洋与河口不同生境类型、鸟类、中华白海豚、文昌鱼、贝类以及旅游休憩行为对溢油的敏感程度,并据此估算模拟厦门湾小型溢油事故的自然资源损害价值。假设厦门湾东部海域某海洋工程施工船舶泄露船用重质燃料油2.4m3,预测油膜污染影响面积约3.60km2,其中开阔水域面积约占90%,海洋潮间带裸露沙滩面积约占8%,海洋潮下带沙质面积约占2%。基于溢油的环境效应系数和海洋与河口环境敏感系数计算得出厦门湾自然资源损害价值为9.35万元。Marine oil spill incidents are mostly small in size, it is quite necessary to have a sim plified method to assess the natural resource damage from such small oil spills in a manner of fas ter, less costly, and less information intensive. Based on the Washington State＇s simplified oil spill compensation schedule method of the United States, a modification was made in this paper, according to the characteristics of marine environment and the distribution of ecological sensitive targets in Xiamen Bay of China. The oil effects, including acute toxicity, mechanical injury and persistence, as well as the vulnerability of marine and estuarine habitats, birds, Chinese white dolphin, lancelet, shellfish, and recreation were determinate to evaluate the nature resource damages from the simulated small oil spill incident in Xiamen Bay. Suppose there was a spill of 2.4 m3 of Bunker C from a construction ship in eastern area of Xiamen Bay. Of the area covered by the spill, 90% was open water, 8% was marine intertidal exposed sandy beach, and 2% was marine subtidal sand. The calculated monetary damage from the spill was 93500 RMB, based on the oil effects scores and the habitat vulnerability scores.

关 键 词：厦门湾 小型溢油 自然资源损害 简易快速评估 

分 类 号：X820[环境科学与工程—环境工程]