NICU发生医院感染的危险因素分析与干预措施  

Analysis on risk factors and interventions of nosocomial infection in neurological intensive care unit

作　　者：张燕萍[1] 丁晓萍[1] 许波银[1] 

机构地区：[1]南通大学附属医院感染管理办公室,江苏南通226001

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2013年第1期59-61,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨NICU发生医院感染的危险因素及干预措施。方法通过前瞻性调查与回顾性调查相结合的方法对2009～2010年入住NICU共254例患者的医院感染监测资料进行统计、分析。结果NICU共发生医院感染144例次，例次感染率为56．69％。远高于医院平均例次感染率2．93％。其中住院时间长、高龄患者是感染的高发人群；感染部位以下呼吸道为主占54．86％；共检出病原菌139株，以革兰阴性菌及真菌属为主，条件致病菌（铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌）是主要的感染病原菌；侵袭性操作、滥用抗生素是医院感染发生的主要诱因。结论NICU是医院感染的高发科室，通过缩短住院天数、加强病房管理、发扬慎独精神、重视呼吸道管理、规范无菌操作规程，严格侵入性操作指征、提高手卫生依从性、合理使用抗菌素等干预措施能有效预防医院感染的发生。OBJECTIVE To explore risk factors and interventions of nosocomial infection in neurological intensive care unit （NICU）. METHODS The nosocomial infection surveillance data of 254 patients in NICU from 2009 to 2010 were investigated and analyzed with prospective and retrospective methods. RESULTS 144 case-time of nosocomial infection in NICU had hap- pened with the infection rate of 56.69%, higher than average infection rate of 2.93%, in which patients with long hospital stay and old age were group of people at high risk of infection. The lower respiratory tract was the main infected site, accounting for 54.86%, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi were the main among 139 detected pathogenic bacteria, conditioned pathogenic bacteria （Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobaeter baumannii） were the main pathogenic bacteria. Invasive operation and abuse of antibiotics were major causes of nosocomial infection. CONCLUSION NICU is a department with high incidence of nosocomi- al infection. It is effective for preventing effectively nosocomial infection to shorten days in hospital, strengthen the ward man- agement, promote cautiousness spirit, pay attention to airway management, standardize sterile procedures, execute strictly in- dications for invasive procedures, improve hand hygiene compliance, and use of antibiotics rationally, etc.

关 键 词：神经内科重症监护病房 医院感染 危险因素 干预措施 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]