论外交保护中的求偿权与受益权  

The Right of Claim and Benefit in Diplomatic Protection

作　　者：张磊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院 [2]华东政法大学国际法学院,上海200042

出　　处：《学术探索》2013年第1期98-103,共6页Academic Exploration

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金一等资助项目(2012M510096);中国法学会部级研究课题[CLS(2012)D234];上海市高校青年教师培养资助计划(hdzf10003);上海市教委科研创新项目(13YS084);上海市法学会2012年一般课题(外交保护中跨国公司国籍认定法律制度研究);华东政法大学文化产业政策与法制研究中心课题;上海市教育委员会重点学科建设项目(国际法学J51103)

摘　　要：外交保护是国家保护海外国民最重要的手段之一,对我国意义重大。作为外交保护的前提条件,国际法要求自然人和法人持续拥有保护国国籍。在此条件下,如果在正式提出求偿之前,自然人逝世或者公司由于损害的原因而不复存在,那么他们的求偿权在一定条件下可以发生转移。相比自然人,公司的求偿权转移更复杂,还要涉及公司不复存在后外交保护国的确定、导致外交保护国变化的权利转移等其他问题。与求偿权相关的是受益权的确定与转移问题,两个问题相互联系,密不可分。此外,保险公司代位求偿的问题也具有特殊性。Diplomatic protection is one of the most important methods for a country to protect its citizens overseas, which is of significant importance to China. As the premise for diplomatic protection, the international law requires that the natural person and legal person should continuously keep the nationality of the country which will provide the protection. Under this condition, if the natural person dies or the company ceases to exist because of damage before they claim for compensation, the right of claim could be transferred to others in given conditions. Compared to natural person, the transfer of the claims is more complex for companies. It will involve the determination of the country that has the sovereignty over political protection after the company breaks down. This will result in the alteration of the country to protect and other problems. The right of claim is associated with the determination and transfer of the right of benefit. The fight of insurer is also special. In addition to that, the subrogation fight of the insurance company is also a particular problem.

关 键 词：外交保护 求偿权 受益权 国际法委员会 

分 类 号：D990[政治法律—国际法学]