石羊河流域中下游沙漠-河岸过渡带土壤特征研究  

Study on Soil Characteristics of Desert-riverside Ecotone in Middle and Lower Reaches of Shiyang River

作　　者：李银科[1] 刘世增[1] 刘虎俊[1] 魏怀东[1] 杨自辉[1] 张莹花[1] 刘淑娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省荒漠化与风沙灾害防治重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,甘肃省治沙研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2012年第6期29-35,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31060080,31160116);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目“石羊河中下游河岸植被恢复与沙化防治技术研究”(090NKCA121)

摘　　要：对石羊河中游断流段(DS)、泉水溢出段(SOS)及下游水库以上丰水段(WSA)和水库以下干涸段(DSB)沙漠—河岸过渡带0—200cm土层土壤理化性质进行了调查和分析。结果表明:土壤含水量的大小顺序为WSA>SOS>DSB>DS。雨季降水对WSA段土壤含水量的影响很小,对其他河段土壤含水量影响较大,其对土壤水分的贡献主要在10—40cm土层;土壤容重大,且表层大于下层。pH值7.70～8.55,表层低于下层。pH值从上游至下游依次减小,其变化与有机质含量和盐分组成及总量有关;土壤养分贫瘠,有机质、全氮、速效磷含量低,速效钾含量高。WSA段土壤有机质和全氮含量最大,DS段土壤速效磷和速效钾含量最大;土壤含盐量从上游至下游依次增大。WSA和DSB段土壤已盐化,盐化类型分别为氯化物—硫酸盐盐化土和硫酸盐—氯化物盐化土。由于同时受水力和风力的影响,石羊河中下游沙漠—河岸过渡带土壤性质变异大,各河段之间的差异大多都不显著。Physical and chemical properties of soil in 0—200 cm layer in the desert-riverside ecotone were examined at dryer section（DS）,springs overflow section（SOS） in middle reaches of Shiyang river,and wet section above Hongyashan reservoir（WSA） and drying section in Hongyashan reservoir below（DSB） in lower reaches of Shiyang river.The results showed that the order of the soil water contents was WSASOSDSBDS.Precipitation in rainy season has little effect on WSA,whereas relatively big effect on the others,and its contribution to soil moisture mainly focused in 10—40 cm soil layer;the bulk density of soil was high,and the value of soil surface was higher than that in sublayer.The soil pH value was 7.70-8.55,and the value in soil surface was lower than that in sublayer.Soil pH value decreased in turn from upper to lower reaches,the changes were related with organic matter content,salt composition and total salt content;the soil nutrient was insufficient with the low content of organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus,and with high content of available potassium.Soil organic matter and total nitrogen were the highest at WSA,and available phosphorus was the highest at DS;soil salt content increased in turn from upper to lower reaches.The soil salinization has happened at WSA and DSB,the salinization types were chloride-sulfate and sulfate-chloride,respectively.The soil properties were of great variability because of hydraulic force and wind,the difference of soil properties between each river section was mostly insignificant.

关 键 词：石羊河中下游 沙漠—河岸过渡带 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]