关中平原高速公路路堤边坡土壤养分与植被群落α多样性变化  

Variation of Soil Nutrients and Mode of α Diversity of Plant Community on the Embankment Slope of Highways in Guanzhong Plain

作　　者：张小娟[1] 高照良[1,2] 李晶[1] 田红卫[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2012年第6期157-162,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题"农田水土保持关键技术研究与示范"(2011BAD31B01)

摘　　要：选择不同植被恢复年限的高速公路路堤边坡为研究对象,采用时空代换法,通过相关性分析及主成分分析,研究关中平原高速公路植被恢复过程中土壤养分和植被群落α多样性的变化。结果表明:路堤边坡植被恢复过程中表层土壤养分因子含量平均值变化范围分别为:有机质12.26～25.83g/kg、全氮0.60～1.25g/kg、铵态氮7.16～35.10mg/kg、硝态氮4.15～7.42mg/kg、速效磷9.30～26.68mg/kg。植被恢复过程中,土壤养分特征受恢复年限、土层、坡向的影响。随着恢复年限的增加,表土养分条件明显好转,说明植被对土壤的培肥作用与时间密切相关。0—10cm土层土壤养分含量明显高于10—20cm土层,阴面边坡土壤养分含量高于阳面边坡。在人工扰动下,群落的α多样性主要受恢复年限和土壤中硝态氮含量的影响。恢复到17a时,边坡土壤养分和群落α多样性均达到较高水平。本研究对路堤边坡土壤质量及群落多样性的提高具有重要的意义,对高速公路生态建设和水土保持具有一定的参考价值。The embankment slope of Highways with different years of vegetation restoration in Guanzhong Plain was selected as the study site.The dynamic changes of soil nutrient and variation mode of α diversity of plant community of vegetation restoration were examined based on the correlation analysis and principal component analysis methods.The results indicated that： in topsoil,the change range of soil organic matter values of embankment slope of vegetation restoration was 2.26-25.83 g/kg,0.60-1.25 g/kg for total N,7.16-35.10 mg/kg for ammonium N,4.15-7.42 mg/kg nitrate N,and 9.30-26.68 mg/kg for available P.In the process of vegetation restoration,the characteristic of soil nutrient was closely related with the recovery period,the depth of soil layer and the slope gradient.The content of soil nutrient obviously increased with the extension of vegetation restoration time,indicating that effect of vegetation on soil fertilization was related to the restoration period.And the content of nutrient in 0—10 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in 10—20 cm soil layer,and it was higher in the shady slopes than that in the sunny slopes.Under artificial disturbance,variation mode of α diversity of plant community was mainly influenced by the vegetation restoration time and the contention of soil nitrate.The topsoil nutrient of embankment slope and the variation mode of α diversity of plant community reached to a higher level after 17 years of vegetation restoration.This stdudy is of important significance in improving the soil quality and the community diversity of embankment slope,and also has certain reference value on ecological construction as well as soil and water conservation of highways.

关 键 词：关中平原 高速公路路堤边坡 土壤养分 群落α多样性 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]