北京市城市扩张及其生态效应研究  

Study on Urban Expansion and Its Ecological Effect in Beijing City

作　　者：侯兰功[1] 乔标[2] 

机构地区：[1]滁州学院地理信息与旅游学院,安徽滁州239000 [2]中国电子信息产业发展研究院,北京100048

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2012年第6期193-196,共4页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：安徽高校省级自然科学研究项目(KJ2012B124);安徽省高校省级优秀青年人才基金项目(2012SQRL158);安徽省自然科学基金资助项目(1208085QD73);滁州学院科研启动基金(2011qd04)

摘　　要：随着城市经济的发展和城市面积的扩张,北京市出现了大尺度的土地利用与覆盖变化。为了研究北京市城镇用地的空间扩张特征及其生态环境效应,采用RS与GIS相结合的方法,提取了1990年、2000年和2007年北京市城镇用地变化的数量、类型和空间信息,运用GIS空间分析和生态系统服务价值综合评估的方法,分析了近17a来北京市城镇用地扩张的时空分异格局及其生态效应。结果表明:自20世纪90年代以来,北京市城镇用地向郊区扩张的趋势非常明显,总体呈现出自中心城区向近郊区逐层推进,以近郊区和远郊区为沿线据点的外延式扩张的空间变化规律;由于城镇用地的扩张,直接导致耕地面积和林地面积在近17a内分别减少了1 719.25km2和220.25km2,生态系统服务价值最终减少了218 196.49万元;大面积的耕地和林地、草地及水域被城镇用地所代替,城市的绿色屏障功能日趋弱化,生态效应急剧下降。With the fast development of urban economy and urban expansion,a large number of people concentrated in the central city and changes in a large-scale land use and land cover had taken place in Beijing in the past several years.In order to study characteristics of urban expansion and its ecological environment effect in Beijing,an integrated approach of remote sensing（RS） data（1990,2000 and 2007）,GIS spatial analysis and ecosystem service value assessment method was developed to examine the tempo-spatial patterns and the rationality of urban expansion and to explore their ecological effect in recent 17 years.The findings indicated that there was a remarkable expansion in urban land cover since 1990s.The most evident spatial characteristic is to sprawl from central city to the outer along main traffic lines and several hot spots.Due to urban expansion,cropland area of 1 719.25 km2 was reduced,forest area of 220.25 km2 was reduced,and ecosystem service value of 2.18 billion Yuan was lost.Because of urban land expansion,a large area of cropland and natural land around the cities were occupied by buildings,roads and other impervious surfaces.As a result,the green shelter function and ecological effect of the city became weaker and weaker day by day.

关 键 词：城市扩张 土地利用变化 生态效应 北京市 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] K901[历史地理—人文地理学]