合院住宅在北京的使用与流布——从乾隆《京城全图》说起  

The Application,Spread and Distribution of the Courtyard-dwelling:A Hypothesis based on the Analysis of the Complete Map of Peking in the Qianlong Period

作　　者：王鲁民[1] 宋鸣笛[2] 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]深圳大学艺术设计学院

出　　处：《南方建筑》2012年第4期80-84,共5页South Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目;项目编号:50978168

摘　　要：本文以乾隆《京城全图》为依托,讨论了明代至民国时期合院式住宅在京城的使用与流布情况。指出明代朱元璋制定的适用于大官人之"样房"可以看作后世标准合院的先导,它强调了与廊院相关的一正两副型院落的官宅身份,并促成这种院落获得了较大的流布空间;乾隆时期京城一正两副型住宅的采用是有限的,而标准合院更少;民国时期,由于社会的错动以及北京人口的增长,不但造成一正两副型住宅数量的增加以及合院的"平民化",并且连曾经十分少见的抄手游廊也成了所谓北京"典型民居"的必配要件。This passage mainly discussed the application, spread and distribution of the Courtyard-dwelling in Peking from the Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China based on the complete map of Peking in Qianlong Period. It is indicated that the high-ranking official＇ s Yang-fang, which was formulated by Zhu Yuanzhang, could be taken as the origin form of the Typical Courtyard-dwelling. The Yang-fang not only underlined the official dwelling identity of the one-original-plus- two-copies courtyards related to Gallery- court, but also made this type of courtyard spread and distribute around. The one- original-plus-two-copies courtyards were limited in the Qianlong Period, with the Typical ones much less. However, as society changed frequently and the population of Peking grew, the one-original-plus-two-copies courtyards increased and turned common, with the unique round-court veranda becoming an essential component in Typical Peking Dwelling.

关 键 词：一正两副型 标准合院 使用 流布 

分 类 号：TU-022[建筑科学—建筑理论] TU241.5