走向民间新建筑——赤脚建筑师的田野实践  

BAREFOOT ARCHITECTS

作　　者：许义兴 薛珊珊 

出　　处：《世界建筑导报》2012年第5期21-23,共3页World Architecture Review

摘　　要：2008年汶川地震带给国人最强烈的刺激之一是,在学校的废墟一侧伫立着完好的政府办公楼。这样的景观让许多灾后重建的学校变成了比拼豪华的设计竞赛,这或许缓解了捐资人和设计师们的义愤与内疚,但后果就是外来者的意志被强加在当地人身上,这与平时当权者的意志强加在弱势群体身上是同一个逻辑。建筑成了一种看似公正实则对所在地真正存在的不公正毫无补救的宣泄行为。而这些学校就像被钉在那里的耻辱柱。这大概是酿成后来有重建的学校被拆除的原因之一吧?但是在那些官民对立不这么明显的地方,我们就会发现重建的学校不是道德谴责的象征,而是社区团结和重塑希望的标志。在后面这两则发生在甘肃省文县的两所小学灾后重建的故事里,我们会发现设计师的内心在一点点地改变,甚至最终怀疑在城市中被不假思索接受的理念、原则和技术。细心的读者或许会注意到设计师们无不欣喜地都从描述那些毫无高贵可言的小花开始他们自己的故事,这个意象不禁让我们联想到丰子恺先生《护生画集》中对生在深山中的一朵蒲公英的歌咏:花瓣金黄色,枝叶绿青葱,当路亭亭立,含笑向春风。虽然弱小看着不起眼,但是活得很自信且充满幸福感。设计师们下笔通常极有分寸,在这些地方大概不光表达了环境和作品的关系,也是设计师们的灵魂的告白。Architects Xu Yixing and Xue Shanshan worked with Green Camel Bell to design and construct the grass brick schoolhouse for Chayuan Village,Gansu.Construction commenced in November 2009 and less than a year later,nine students and one teacher began classes.By September 2011,local school district officials had integrated the new school into its oversight and over twenty students registered for classes.During design and construction,Xu and Xue realized that while they understood modern architecture and engineering,nevertheless the villagers knew about traditional construction,craftsmanship and aesthetics.This experience has led Xu and Xue to propose a more participatory model of rural development,in which urban trained architects go to the countryside to learn from and work with villagers,who in turn would become'barefoot'architects,not formally licensed but trained to build sustainable,local architecture.The historical model for this type of rural-urban collaboration were barefoot doctors,who followed Mao Zedong’s call to bring basic healthcare to China’s rural hinterlands.

关 键 词：建筑师 新建筑 民间 灾后重建 政府办公楼 设计师 设计竞赛 弱势群体 

分 类 号：TU-86[艺术—艺术设计]