术后认知功能障碍诊断手段的研究进展  

The Research Progress of Diagnosis for Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

作　　者：李晖[1] 王沛[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学总医院骨科,天津300052

出　　处：《医学综述》2012年第24期4184-4186,共3页Medical Recapitulate

摘　　要：术后认知功能障碍(POCD)是术后常见并发症,可增加患者病死率和医疗费用。近年来虽然客观的检测手段有了飞速发展,但POCD的评价和诊断仍然很困难,造成了发生率报道的巨大差异。神经心理学测试量表可以反映患者的学习、语言运用能力及注意力、定向力等执行能力,仍为POCD诊断的主要手段。神经电生理和弥散-加强磁共振扫描、正电子发射断层扫描等影像学的检查可为POCD的诊断提供帮助。S100β蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、β淀粉样蛋白、一氧化氮及其代谢产物等生化指标也是POCD诊断的重要指标。Postoperative cognitive dysfunction（POCD）is a common complication after operation,which increases the mortality and hospitalization costs.Although objective testing methods have developed very fast in recent years,the diagnosis of POCD still remains difficult,which is the main cause of the huge difference of POCD morbidity.Neuropsychological measurements which can reflect the ability of learning and language,together with executive ability such as attention and orientation force are the main methods for POCD diagnosis.Electrophysiological and imaging examinations such as diffusion-weight magnetic resonance imaging（DWI）,single photon emission computer tomography（SPECT）are also helpful for POCD diagnosis.Biochemical indicators such as S100β protein,neuron-specific enolase（NSE）,amyloid β,nitro oxide and its metabolic products,are all important for POCD diagnosis.

关 键 词：术后认知功能障碍 诊断 神经功能量表 影像学检查 生化标志物 

分 类 号：R604[医药卫生—外科学]