宋代监司对宋代法律文明建设的贡献  

The Contribution of Inspection Department on the Song Dynasty Legal Civilization Construction

作　　者：王晓龙[1] 杜敬红[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北大学宋史研究中心暨历史学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第6期43-50,共8页Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：2008年教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目<宋代法律文明研究>(08JJD820172);2010年国家社科基金规划项目<宋代地方政府行政成本问题的历史考察研究>(10CZS014)

摘　　要：宋代监司包括转运司、提点刑狱司、提举常平司,它们是路、州、县地方行政管理体系的最高层,处于中央与地方连接点的特殊位置。监司官员在对地方监管过程中,广泛参与司法事务,在立法、司法、法律宣传和教育等领域都作出了卓越的贡献,是宋代法律文明建设不可或缺的重要力量。监司向中央奏报在地方司法审判、监察中发现的问题,有利于弥补宋朝法典的缺陷,完善法律体系。特别是在宋代各阶层普遍重视法律、重视证据的时代背景下,监司官员在司法检验领域作出一系列的创新成就,创立《检验格目》、尸检《正背人形图》等新规范,撰写出了《洗冤集录》这样世界最早的科学严谨的法医学著作,涌现出了宋慈、郑兴裔这样著名的司法官员,为宋代的法律制度达到中国封建社会法制高峰期作出了重要的贡献,对后世也产生深远的影响。The inspection department of the Song Dynasty includes managing department, judicial department and tax department, which are the highest level of the road, state and county administration system, and they lie in a special position to connect the central and local administration. During the process of supervising local administration, managing officers are widely involved in judicial affairs and have made outstanding contributions to legislation, judicature and law propaganda and education, making an indispensable strength for the legal civilization construction. Inspection department heralds problems which are found during the justice judging and judicial supervising of the local to the central administration which is in favor of making up the flaw and consummating the legal system. Under the background of emphasizing law and evidences in every class, inspection department has made a string of innovation in the judicial inspection field, created new specification such as ＂Jian Yan Ge Mu＂, postmortem examination-- ＂Zheng Bei Ren Xing Tu＂ and wrote ＂Record of Redressing Mishandled Cases＂ which is the earliest rigorous and scientific forensic medicine masterpiece all over the world, and famous judicial officers like Song Ci and Zheng Xingyi have made important contributions to the legal system of the Song Dynasty to reach the legal peak of the China feudal society and have had a profound effect on later ages.

关 键 词：宋代 监司 法律 文明 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]