中国不同地区野生大豆与栽培大豆生育期长度及结构性状的比较  

Comparison of Growth Period and Its Structure Traits between Wild and Cultivated Soybeans in China

作　　者：朱贝贝[1] 孙石[1] 韩天富[1] 吴存祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部北京大豆生物学重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《大豆科学》2012年第6期894-898,共5页Soybean Science

基　　金：农业部财政部现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-04);转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2011ZX08011-003)

摘　　要：通过收集19个省(市、区)栽培大豆和野生大豆的开花期、成熟期等数据,比较了我国不同地区野生大豆和栽培大豆生育期性状的异同,分析二者生长发育的同步性。结果表明,以北纬40°为界,以南地区野生大豆的生育期长于栽培大豆,以北地区则略短;由南向北,野生大豆营养生长期(V)缩短、开花提前,生殖生长期(R)延长,生育期结构比值(R/V)提高。与同纬度地区野生大豆相比,栽培大豆的营养生长期(V)短,R/V比值高。在北纬25°～30°区域,野生大豆与春播类型栽培大豆花期不遇,而在北纬35°及以北地区,二者的开花持续期基本重合。鉴于野生大豆和栽培大豆在进化过程中一直保持相对独立的遗传结构,作者认为对栽培大豆"污染"野生大豆遗传多样性的"风险"不应高估。研究结果可为野生大豆的原位保护及在育种中的利用提供依据。Data of growth period and its structure traits of annual wild soybean（Glycine soja）and cultivated soybean（Glycine max L.Merr.）growing in 19 provinces,municipalities or autonomous regions of China were collected in order to compare their similarities and differences,and to analyze the synchronic growth and development of two species.The results showed that the wild soybean in the south region below 40° N had longer growth period than cultivated soybean,and verse visa in the north regions above 40° N.From the south to north,the wild soybean had shorter vegetative growth period（V）,earlier beginning bloom time and longer reproductive growth period（R）,resulting in higher R/V ratio.Compared with wild soybean in the same latitude,the cultivated soybean had shorter V and higher R/V ratio.In the region between 25°-30°N,the blooming period of wild and cultivated spring-sowing soybean ecotype did not overlap,however,in the north region above 35° N,they flowered in the similar period.Based on the fact that both wild and cultivated soybeans remained identical and independent genetic structures in the coexistence for thousands of years,we believed that the influence of the cultivated soybean on the genetic diversity of wild soybean by cross-pollination should not be overestimated.It was proposed that the results of this investigation are useful in guiding the in-situ conservation and utilization of wild soybean.

关 键 词：大豆 生育期 生育期结构比值 开花持续期 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]