碳酸氢铵撒干粉与喷洒加地膜覆盖杀灭钉螺效果观察  

The Molluscicidal Effect of Ammonium Bicarbonate Dry Powder Spreading and Spraying by Earth Covered With Black Plastic Mulch

作　　者：宋志勇[1] 唐书贵[1] 余海涛[1] 汪乐媛[1] 汪光兴 陈刚[1] 朱斌[1] 黄琳 王静[1] 王虎[1] 李安智 周晓莉 谭开科[1] 杨宇川[1] 郑红[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都市疾病预防控制中心,成都610041 [2]大邑县血吸虫病防治站

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2012年第12期940-944,共5页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：成都市卫生局科学研究基金(0914)

摘　　要：目的观察碳酸氢铵撒干粉加黑色塑料地膜覆盖与碳酸氢铵喷洒加黑色地膜覆盖杀灭钉螺效果。方法选择1条环境相对独立有螺沟渠作为实验环境,分成11段,由上游向下游分设空白对照1个组,碳酸氢铵撒干粉和喷洒加黑色地膜覆盖各5个剂量组,空白对照组不采取任何灭螺措施,撒干粉组和喷洒组按相应方法施碳酸氢铵后覆盖黑色地膜。试前各组按系统抽样法每隔4 m调查1框(每框=0.11 m2),捕获框内全部土表钉螺计数并鉴别死活。试后10、20、30、60、90、180 d分别按试前方法各调查1次;试后20 d淘洗各组0～15 cm土层内钉螺计数并鉴别死活。结果试后10～180 d,撒干粉各组土表活螺密度下降率98.99%～100%,死亡率96.6%～100%,与空白对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。喷洒各组土表活螺密度下降率95.99%～100%,死亡率95.16～100%,与空白对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。撒干粉组和喷洒组两两比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。撒干粉灭螺600 m2,用工8 h/人工。喷洒灭螺600 m2,用工24 h/人工。结论碳酸氢铵撒干粉和兑水喷洒加黑色塑料地膜覆盖杀灭钉螺效果相近,但撒干粉省时省工,更优于喷洒。Objective The study was conducted to observe the molluscicidal effect of ammonium bicarbonate dry powder spreading and spraying by earth covered with black plastic mulch with different dosages.Methods A ditch with oncomelania snails was selected as the study site and was divided into a control group and two molluscicide groups from upstream to downstream.The two molluscicide groups were applied ammonium bicarbonate with 5 different dosages in way of dry spreading or spraying by earth covered with black plastic mulch.The molluscicidal effect was observed before and 10,20,30,60,90,180 days after the experiment in the same way.Results The mortality of dry spreading gruoup was 96.6%-100%,and the reduced rates of density of snails were 98.99%-100% between 10 and 180 days.The two indexes of the spraying group were 95.16%-100% and 95.99%-100% respectively.There was significant difference between results of each molluscicide group compared with the control group（P0.05）.There was no statistical significance compared with dry spreading group and spraying group（P0.05）.To kill snails in an area of 600 m2,the dry spreading method needs 8 h and the spraying method 24 h.Conclusion The molluscicidal effect of ammonium bicarbonate dry powder spreading and spraying by earth covered with black plastic mulch is nearly the same.But the dry spreading way saves labour and time,thus could reduce the cost.

关 键 词：碳酸氢铵 撒干粉 喷洒 黑色地膜 灭螺效果 

分 类 号：S482.59[农业科学—农药学]