海洋藻类病毒与赤潮防治  

Marine Algal Viruses and Their Application in Red-tide Control

作　　者：柏仕杰[1,2] 王慧[1,2] 郑天凌[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]滨海湿地生态系统教育部重点实验室(厦门大学),生命科学学院,厦门361005 [2]近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室(厦门大学),厦门361005

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2012年第6期1056-1065,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.40930847;40876061;31070442);"海洋生物地球化学过程与机制"创新研究群体基金(No.41121091);近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室自主研究项目资助~~

摘　　要：病毒是海洋中丰度最高的生物,全球海洋中大约有1030个病毒,海洋病毒的宿主包括从细菌到大型海洋生物等几乎所有的海洋生物.海洋病毒在调控种群结构及生物地球化学循环中起着至关重要的作用,并且,病毒可以通过水平基因转移来操控宿主的代谢活动.藻类病毒能够通过裂解藻类从而起到控制赤潮的作用.随着藻类病毒研究的不断发展,人们已经分离到大量的藻类病毒,包括双链或单链的DNA病毒及RNA病毒,其分布于细胞质或细胞核中.本文简要概述了海洋病毒研究方面的发展现状,及海洋病毒在生态环境中的重要作用.集中综述了藻类病毒(包括原核藻类病毒和真核藻类病毒)的研究进展,讨论了海洋藻类病毒与赤潮生物的关系.介绍了藻类病毒在赤潮控制方面所取得的一些成果,展望了藻类病毒调控赤潮的前景.我国在藻类病毒方面的探索研究还只是刚刚起步,研究藻类病毒的前景十分广阔.Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the oceans, and in the global oceans there are about 1030 viruses, whose hosts included almost all marine organisms, from bacteria to large marine animals. Marine viruses play a critical role in controlling community composition and impacting global biogeochemical cycles, and in addition, viruses can manipulate the metabolism of their hosts through horizontal gene transfer （HGT）. Algal viruses can control red-tide by lysing algae. With the continuous development of algal virus research, a large of algal viruses were isolated, including the double-stranded or single-stranded DNA viruses and RNA viruses, and these algal viruses distribute in the cytoplasm or nuclei. The current development in the research of marine viruses and the ecological importance of marine viruses were summarized in this paper. Algal viruses were focused, including the prokaryotic algal viruses, the eukaryotic algal viruses, and the biological relationship between marine algal viruses and red-tide. Some achievements obtained by using algal viruses to control red-tide in the interaction between alga and algal viruses were introduced. The prospect of application of algal viruses in controlling red tide was forecasted. In China, the study on algal viruses has just started and will attract more and more attention in the near future.

关 键 词：海洋病毒 藻类病毒 赤潮 生态环境 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173