集体经济的历史演进:从家族公社到合作经济  

Historical Evolution of the Collective Economy: from the Family Commune to Cooperative Economy

作　　者：王景新[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学农村研究中心,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《古今农业》2012年第4期1-13,共13页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

基　　金：作者主持的国家社科基金重点项目"我国农村集体经济发展的有效实现形式研究"(获准号10AJY008)的阶段成果

摘　　要：集体经济的组织形式,在史前社会自然演进的历史顺序中循着"血缘家族公社→母系氏族公社→父系氏族公社→农村公社"的路径演进,在成文历史领域里,"以群体力量和集体行动弥补个体力量不足"的原始共产制经济思想和生产方式,自上古社会、中世纪至近现代社会从来没有消失过,中国的"井田制"、村社公有、亲族伙有共耕、邻里互助合作经济的沿袭和发展充分证明了这一点。本文通过梳理原始集体经济历史演进路径和脉络,阐明了集体经济的产生和长期发展是人类遵循适者生存法则自然选择的结果,而不是人们的行为偏好或意识形态的强制,集体经济的悠久历史证明了它存在的必要性和有效性。During the natural evolution of prehistoric societies, the organizational forms of collective economy had followed the path of ＂blood family commune-＋matriarchal commune -＋patrilineal clan commune＊rural commune＂ . In the field of historic literature, the primi- tive communist system of economic thoughts and production mode was characterized by ＂the individual lack of strength compensated by groups and collective actions＂, which had never been disappeared from ancient times to medieval and modern societies. Chinese well-field sys- tem, the village community, the public farming pattern by relatives and neighborhood econ- omy based on mutual assistance and cooperation fully proved the evolution. By analyzing the evolution path and context of the primitive collective economy, the author believes that the generation and long-term development are the natural results of human being~ s following the survival of the fittest law of natural selection, not being the results of behavioral prefer- ences or ideological coercion. The long history of collective economy proves the necessity and effectiveness of its existence.

关 键 词：集体 合作经济 演进 

分 类 号：F321.32[经济管理—产业经济]