消防员体能评价  

EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL FITNESS OF THE FIREFIGHTERS

作　　者：刘民航[1] 汪家春[1] 陈锐勇[1] 朱忠民[2] 宋桂平 

机构地区：[1]海军医学研究所,上海200433 [2]上海市消防局

出　　处：《解放军预防医学杂志》2012年第6期416-419,共4页Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People's Liberation Army

基　　金：上海市科技攻关课题子课题(No.092312002)

摘　　要：目的在实验室对上海消防部队特勤支队消防员身体素质和运动机能进行测定,以了解消防员的体能现状,为指导消防员科学训练提供依据。方法消防员41人,男性,平均年龄(22.4±3.8)岁,自愿参加测试。按年龄分为3个组(≤20岁、21～24岁、≥25),其中≤20岁人员休息1周后背负15 kg的消防压缩空气瓶按同一方案进行有负荷摄氧量测定。身体素质测定包括形态学指标和素质指标,以《国民体质测定标准》(成年人部分)作评价;采用Bruce方案作最大摄氧量测定;采用Wingate方法测定机体无氧能力。结果 (1)≤20岁和21～24岁2个组受试者的体质量、BMI均在正常范围,身体素质各指标得分也为优良,≥25岁组受试者的体质量、BMI及相应脂肪率均较其他2个年龄组增高(P<0.05),而仰卧起坐次数则降低(P<0.05)。(2)无氧能力测试结果表明,≥25岁组受试者除相对平均功力和疲劳指数分别较其他2个组降低(P<0.05)和增高(P<0.05)外,其他指标在3个组间的差异无显著性(P<0.05)。(3)有氧能力测试结果表明,≥25岁组的VO2max相对值、达到VO2max时间、力竭时跑台速度均明显低于其他2个组(P<0.05)。(4)负重试验结果表明,负荷状态下受试者达到力竭的时间较徒手受试者提前2 min,而力竭时VO2max相对值、跑台速度及最大运动心率均较低(P<0.05)。结论年龄在20～24岁之间的消防员体能基本优良,但年龄≥25岁的消防员体能则降低;身体负重对消防员的体能有明显影响。Objective A series of laboratory tests including the physical quality and sport capability were conducted to study the physical fitness of the firefighters,so as to provide the basis for guiding their scientific training.Methods Male volunteer firefighters from Shanghai Fire Brigade Specific Fire Corps Detachment,（n=41,age=22.4±3.8）,were divided into 3 groups by age（≤20,21~24,≥25）.The basic physical qualities of subjects were tested.Their maximal oxygen uptake was measured with Bruce protocol,and anaerobic working capacity Wingate protocol.One week later,≤20 age group underwent another oxygen uptake test with a backpack of 15 kg in weight（a set of compressed air cylinder and breathing mask）.Results（1）The body weight,BMI in ≤20 and 21~24 age group were in normal range,and the performances of body quality test in both group were also good and excellent.The body weight,BMI,and body fat percentage in ≥25 age group were higher;whereas the score of sit-ups lower than ≤20,and 21~24 age group（P0.05）.（2） The relative average power,and fatigue index in ≥25 age group were lower than in the other two groups（P0.05）,but the other parametrs in 3 groups were not different from each other（P0.05）.（3） The relative value of VO2max,time to VO2max,and velocity of treadmill during exhaustion in ≥25 age group were lower than in the othoer two groups（P0.05）.（4） The time to exhaustion in the subjects under loading condition was 2 min shorter than the control,and their VO2max,velocity of treadmill,maximal exercise heart rate during exhaustion were lower than the control（P0.05）.Conclusion： The physial fitness of firefighters at the age of ≤20~24 are good or excellent,but it declines in firefighters of aged ≥25.Overload has marked effect on the physical fitness of firefighters.

关 键 词：消防员 体能 Wingate无氧运动能力 有氧运动 最大摄氧量 

分 类 号：R821.2[医药卫生—临床医学]