植物生长调节剂对梨枣节水增产效益的影响  

Effects of plant growth regulators on yield and water use efficiency of jujube in northern Shaanxi

作　　者：刘守阳[1] 汪有科[1] 赵霞[1] 魏新光[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第12期184-190,200,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"西北生态脆弱区经济作物高效用水关键技术研究与示范"(2011BAD29B04);陕西省科技统筹创新工程项目"节水型旱作红枣修剪技术集成与示范"(2011KTCL02-02)

摘　　要：【目的】针对旱作条件下梨枣坐果率低的特点,研究植物生长调节剂对梨枣节水增产效益的影响,为进一步提高山地红枣的水分利用效率和产量提供指导。【方法】以梨枣为试验对象,以喷施清水为对照,在陕北米脂县研究了植物生长调节剂赤霉素(GA3)、赤霉素+多效唑(GA3+PP333)、萘乙酸(NAA)和芸薹素内酯(BR-481)在旱作(雨养)条件下对梨枣产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】与对照相比,植物生长调节剂赤霉素、芸薹素内酯、赤霉素+多效唑处理能显著提高梨枣的坐果率、产量和水分利用效率,其坐果率、产量和水分利用效率分别较对照提高64.9%,77.6%,111.8%;122%,120%,118%;89%,94%,96%。3个处理的"效率型"真实节水量分别为2 546.4,2 523.9和2 498.3m3/hm2;萘乙酸处理使梨枣的坐果率、产量、耗水量和"效率型"真实节水量均较对照有所降低。【结论】陕北旱作条件下,喷施赤霉素、芸薹素内脂及赤霉素与多效唑混合剂等植物生长调节剂,均可以通过提高梨枣果量和坐果率实现化控节水作用,是一种十分有效的节水增产技术措施。【Objective】 Based on the characteristics of low fruit set ratio in the semiarid region,this experiment studied the effects of plant growth regulators on pear jujube in northern Shaanxi,in order to increase the yield and water use efficiency.【Method】 With a control of water,the effects of plant growth regulators,GA3,GA3＋PP333,BR-481,and NAA,on yield,quality and water use efficiency were studied through rain-fed outdoor experiment.【Result】 Compared to the control,different treatments significantly increased the fruit set ratio,yield and water use efficiency,with the increase rates of 64.9%,77.6% and 111.8% by GA3,122%,120% and 118% by BR-481,and 89%,94% and 96% by GA3＋PP333,respectively.The efficiency real water savings by GA3,BR-481,GA3＋PP333 were 2 546.4,2 523.9 and 2 498.3 m3/hm2,respectively.NAA treatment decreased the fruit set ratio,yield,water consumption and the efficiency real water saving.【Conclusion】 Plant growth regulators,such as GA3,BR-481 and GA3＋PP333,could increase jujube yield through booming the number of fruit and fruit set ratio.Thus they can be used as effective water-saving chemicals.

关 键 词：梨枣 植物生长调节剂 真实节水 化控节水 

分 类 号：S665.105.9[农业科学—果树学] S482.8[农业科学—园艺学]