渭河流域大尺度非点源COD污染负荷估算  

Evaluation of Pollution Load for Large-Scale and Non-point Source COD in Weihe Basin

作　　者：宋文龙[1] 杨胜天[1] 朗杨[1] 赵为民[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,遥感科学国家重点实验室,环境遥感与数字城市北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [2]黄河水利委员会水文局,郑州450003

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技》2012年第6期31-36,共6页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项项目“利用遥感反演土壤含水量研究”(200901022-01);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划“黄河水沙调控技术研究与应用”(2012BAB02B00);“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAB42B01-03);国家自然科学基金项目(40930740)

摘　　要：大尺度非点源污染空间模拟对于渭河流域水环境污染治理具有重要意义。基于原大尺度非点源污染模型,耦合MUSLE方程和遥感驱动的时变增益模型(RS-DTVGM)计算土壤侵蚀量,充分耦合和应用遥感公共平台数据获取模型参数,构建了遥感驱动的大尺度非点源污染模型,基于观测数据对模型参数进行了率定,并模拟了2005年-2010年渭河流域非点源化学需氧量(COD)污染负荷。结果表明,非点源污染防治对于渭河流域水环境治理不可忽视,6年间渭河流域非点源COD污染负荷呈总体下降趋势,从7.9万t(2005)下降到5.9万t(2010),主要因为水土保持生态建设工作对土壤侵蚀的控制,使得吸附态非点源COD污染负荷明显下降,而溶解态非点源COD污染负荷呈增长趋势,农村居民点成为主要污染源。Simulation of the spatial pollution for large-scale and non-point sources has significance for the pollution control of water environment in the Weihe River Basin. Based on the key technologies of large-scale model applied in estimation of non-point source pollution, a large-scale new model driven by remote sensing was developed to determine the non-point source pollu- tion. The new model coupled the MUSLE equation and DTVGM model （RS-DTVGM） driven by remote sensing to simulate soil erosion. Also, the new model used the remote sensing data from public platform to obtain model parameters. The model was cal-ibrated based on monitoring data, and then used to simulate the pollution load for non-point source chemical oxygen demand （COD） in the Weihe River Basin from 2005 to 2010. The simulated results showed that the control of non-point source pollution is critical for management of water environment in the Weihe River Basin,and the pollution load for the non-point source COD showed a decreasing trend in the Weihe River Basin from 2005 to 2010 with 79 thousand tons in 2005 to 59 thousand tons in 2010. The primary reason for the decreasing trend is the control in soil erosion benefited from the ecological construction of soil and water conservation, which resulted in the apparent reduction of pollution load for the absorbed non-point source COD. How- ever,the pollution load for the soluble non-point source COD showed an increasing trend and the rural settlements were the main pollution source.

关 键 词：渭河流域 非点源污染 COD 大尺度模型 遥感 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]