施氮时期对冬小麦植株-土壤体系肥料氮去向的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Topdressing Stage on Fate of Fertilizer Nitrogen in Winter Wheat-Soil System Using ^(15)N Tracer Technique

作　　者：翟学旭[1] 王振林[1] 戴忠民[2] 王平[3] 尹燕枰[1] 曹丽[1] 崔正勇[1] 吴光磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]德州学院,山东德州253023 [3]泰安市农业科学研究院,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2012年第12期60-65,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"计划)项目(2009CB118602);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203100);国家自然科学基金项目(30871477);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2010CM044)资助

摘　　要：通过15N示踪试验,研究了黄淮地区施氮时期对冬小麦植株-土壤体系肥料氮去向的影响。结果表明:随着施氮时期后移,小麦籽粒中的氮素含量增加,叶和茎中氮素含量降低。小麦植株氮素总积累量以拔节期追氮最高。拔节期追氮更有利于提高籽粒的氮素积累量,降低营养器官的氮素积累量,促进营养器官中的氮素向籽粒中转运。不同施氮时期条件下,冬小麦的氮肥生产效率和氮素收获指数均表现为拔节期追氮最高。拔节期追氮更有利于促进强筋小麦品种氮素的吸收,提高中弱筋小麦品种氮素的利用。小麦植株氮素总积累量来源于肥料氮的比例随施氮时期的后移呈降低趋势。推迟施氮时期,植株氮素总积累量来自基肥氮的比例增加,来自追肥氮的比例减少。随施氮时期后移,肥料氮在0～100 cm土壤中的残留呈现增加趋势。与起身期和孕穗期追氮相比,拔节期灌溉后追施氮肥,肥料氮在20～60 cm土壤中残留量最大。综合分析肥料氮在小麦季的去向得出,拔节期追氮肥料氮去向更均衡。In this study, the 15N - isotopic tracer experiment was conducted to study the eiti^cts of nitro- gen topdressing stage on fate of fertilizer nitrogen in winter wheat - soil system. The results indicated that with the delay of nitrogen application, the N content of wheat grains increased, while that of leaves and stem de- creased. The total N accumulation amount （TNAA） in plant was the highest when topdressing at jointing stage （JT）. N application at JT was beneficial to increasing the TNAA in grains, reducing the TNAA in vegetative organs, and promoting the transportation of N from vegetative organs to grains. The N productive efficiency and N harvest index of winter wheat were the highest when topdressing stages. rieties Nitrogen topdressing at JT was more conducive to promoting and increasing the N utilization of the middle and weak glute at JT compared to topdressing at the other the N absorption of strong gluten wheat va- n wheat varieties. The percentage of TNAA from fertilizer decreased with the delay of nitrogen application. Postponing the N topdressing stage, the per- centage of TNAA from basal fertilizer increased, while that from topdressing fertilizer reduced. With the delay of nitrogen application, the residues of fertilizer N in 0 ~ 100 - cm soil showed increasing trend. Compared to N application at stem elongation （SE） and booting stage （ BT）, the residues of fertilizer N in 20 ~ 60 - cm soil were higher as N application at JT after irrigation. The comprehensive analysis showed that the fate of fertilizer N was more balanced with N application at JT content.

关 键 词：黄淮地区 冬小麦 15N示踪 施氮时期 氮素利用效率 氮去向 

分 类 号：S512.110.62[农业科学—作物学]