亚洲巨灾划分研究  

RESEARCH ON ASIAN CATASTROPHE GRADE CLASSIFICATION

作　　者：李志强[1] 徐敬海[2] 李晓丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地质研究所,北京100029 [2]南京工业大学,南京210009

出　　处：《地震地质》2012年第4期792-804,共13页Seismology and Geology

基　　金：中国地震局地震行业科研专项(2013419018);国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAC44B01)共同资助

摘　　要：自然灾害等级评估是灾后应急和救援工作的重要内容之一,它可以以一种简单明了的方式反映灾害的严重程度。文中搜集整理了亚洲地区近百年来(1900—2011年)自然灾害历史数据,对自然灾害等级划分方法进行了研究。研究了巨灾、受影响人口的定义,探索巨灾等级划分依据,提出利用死亡人口、直接经济损失、受影响人口3个要素的对数和的计算方法进行巨灾划分。经过计算,得到54个>10.0、102个>9.0、178个>8.0的大灾案例。经与多个灾害数据库反复对比后,可以确认一般意义上的亚洲区域巨灾的分级计算结果都>8.0。因此,将分级计算结果>8.0的灾害定义为巨灾。该计算方法方便、简洁,适宜用于比较亚洲国家不同区域不同自然灾害类型的损失程度。The hazard grade assessment, which simply and clearly reveals how big the damage is, is an important part of emergency response and rescue work after disaster. Upon collection and sorting out of the data on Asian natural disasters occurring between 1900 and 20l 1 ,thls paper studies the method of classifying those disasters. After discussing the definition of catastrophe and that of earthquake- affected population and exploring the basis on which catastrophe could be classified, this paper comes up with a formula,in which the logarithms of three factors, death toll,direct economic loss and quake- affected population, are summed up. Then, Asian catastrophes are classified by the formula. The calculation based on the formula shows that the results of 54 of all the disasters are above 10.0,102 above 9.0 and 178 above 8.0. After repeated comparison with data from several other disaster databases, it is concluded that the result achieved by the formula of the disaster which is generally considered as a catastrophe,is above 8.0. Therefore,a disaster with a result above 8.0 is defined as a catastrophe. The formula mentioned above in this paper is simple and convenient, and is suitable for making a comparison of the damage caused by the disasters of different types in different regions in Asia.

关 键 词：亚洲 巨灾 等级划分 

分 类 号：P316[天文地球—地震学]