淹涝胁迫对水稻生育后期的生理特性和产量性状的影响  

EFFECT OF SUBMERGENCE ON PHYSIOLOGICAL INDEXES AND YIELD COMPONENT AT REPRODUCTIVE STAGE IN RICE

作　　者：李阳生[1] 李绍清[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长沙农业现代化研究所,长沙410125

出　　处：《武汉植物学研究》2000年第2期117-122,共6页Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research

基　　金：国家"九五"科技攻关资助课题!(编号 :95-0 0 1 -0 1 -0 4 )

摘　　要：比较研究了水稻 (湘中籼 3号 )在生育后期 (孕穗期和乳熟期 )进行没顶淹水胁迫处理后几个相关的生理指标和生长发育、产量的形态指标。研究结果显示水稻受淹后完全伸展叶片净光合速率降低 ,叶绿素含量在孕穗期明显降低 ,但在乳熟期只有少量下降 ;电导率明显增加 ,细胞膜透性增大 ;脯氨酸含量增加 ;根系伤流量减少 ,根系活力降低 ,伤流液中的主要氨基酸如 Ala,Pro,Phe的含量增加 ;叶鞘可溶性糖含量下降 ;植株增高 ,第 节间显著伸长 ;主茎绿叶数减少 ,茎秆死亡率增加 ,高节位不定芽率增加 ,生育期延迟 ;每蔸有效穗减少 ,结实率显著下降 ,千粒重降低 ,每蔸籽粒产量降低。Some phyisological indexes,growth development indexes and yield components were investigated comparatively under complete plant submergence stress at booting and milk stages of rice.It had been shown that net photosynthetic rate of the treated leaves was decreased,chlorophyll content was decreased at booting stage,but little affected at milk stage,electric conductivity increased markedly due to efflux of electrolyte from injured cells,proline content increased obviously.The bleeding sap of root system reduced,but contents of its major amino acids e.g.,Ala,Pro,Phe increased.Soluble sugar of leaf sheath dropped.Plant height raised slightly,but the fourth internode elongated significantly.As time of submergence stress was prolonged,the number of green leaves on a stem were lowered,necrotic rate of tillers was increased,tiller rate on high nodes was raised distinctly,duration of growth was delayed.The reduction of grain yield was resulted from decrease of effective tillers per hill,increase of empty grain ratio,decline of thousand grain weight.

关 键 词：淹涝胁迫 水稻 净光合速率 电导率 产量性状 

分 类 号：S422[农业科学—植物保护] S511.034