“邻避”行动的社会生成机制  

Social Generative Mechanism for "NIMBY" Actions

作　　者：张乐[1] 童星[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学社会工作系,山东威海264209

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2013年第1期64-70,共7页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"社会管理创新与社会体制改革研究"(11&ZD028);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"我国核电扩张背景下的风险邻避及其治理研究"(11YJC840069);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目子课题"和谐社会构建中的理论与现实问题"(10JJD710006)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：就国内的经验看,"邻避"行动既非居民的情感宣泄,也不是单纯的经济分配不公的必然结果,不同类型的邻避行动有着迥异的生成机制。经济理性、科学理性和价值理性三种行动逻辑分别主导着污染类、风险集聚类、心理不悦类三种典型"邻避"行动的生成过程。而社区压力与从众心理、社会信任缺失与无效的风险沟通以及居民过度的风险想象等社会心理与文化因素的联合作用让孤立的"邻避"行动演化为群体性"邻避"冲突成为可能。有关部门要清晰界定经济补偿方式的适用范围,切实尊重公众参与科学决策的权利,逐步恢复社会信任,化解"邻避"冲突时更多地考虑并满足居民的价值与情感诉求,在此基础上才能制定出更加有针对性的治理方案。Judging from domestic experience, ＂Not-In-My-Back-Yard＂ （NIMBY） actions are neither emotional dis- charge of residents nor necessary results of merely unfair economic distribution. Different types of NIMBY actions have to- tally different generative mechanism. Economic rationality, scientific nationality, and values rationality respectively domi- nate the generation of three types of NIMBY actions ： pollution-related, risk-clustering, and psychological dismay. Commu- nity pressure, foUow-suit mentality, absence of social trust, inefficient risk communication, and residents＇ excessive estima- tion of risks, in conjunction with other socio-psychological and cultural factors, have made possible the transition from isola- ted NIMBY action into collective NIMBY actions. Relevant authorities should clearly define the boundaries of economic compensation, respect the public rights to participate in scientific decision-making, and gradually restore the social trust. Meanwhile, they need to fully consider and satisfy residents＇ value and emotional resorts when resolving ＂NIMBY＂ con- flicts. These measures can serve as the basis for formulating more problem-specific governance plans.

关 键 词：邻避行动 生成机制 环境抗争 

分 类 号：D669.3[政治法律—政治学]